山核桃外果皮化学成分及抑菌活性初步研究

用不同溶剂对山核桃Carya cathayensis外果皮甲醇浸膏进行萃取分离,得到石油醚相、氯仿相、乙酸乙酯相和正丁醇相浸膏,对番茄早疫病菌Alternaria solani,苹果腐烂病菌Valsa mali,小麦赤霉病菌Fusarium graminerum,水稻纹枯病菌Rhizoctonia solani,黄瓜菌核病菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum等5种植物病原真菌进行了抑菌活性试验。结果表明,正丁醇相抑菌活性最强,达到100%,氯仿相和石油醚相次之,乙酸乙酯相最弱。对抑菌活性较强的氯仿相进行了初步分离,得到2种单体化合物,鉴定为5-羟基-2-甲氧基-1,4-萘醌（5-hydroxy-2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone）和β-谷甾醇。这2种化合物对番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cirerea和小麦赤霉病菌孢子萌发均有一定的抑制作用。

Chemical components and antifungal activities of extracts from he husk of Carya cathayensis

Carya cathayensis is distributed around Mount Tianmu and its nut production is one of the important incomes for the local people. The husks, which were often thrown away randomly, were confirmed having antifungal activities. Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol solvents were used to extract and separate the methanol extraction from the husk of C. cathayensis and get four fractions. Next, antifungal activities of the four fractions were compared to Alternaria solani, Valsa mall, Fusarium graminearum, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The chloroform fraction was then separated by silica gel column chromatography. Results showed that antifungal activity with the four solvents was in the order： n-butanol （activity up to 100% ） 〉 chloroform and petroleum ether 〉 ethyl acetate. Also, silica gel column chromatography revealed two compounds identified as 5-hydroxy-2-methoxy-1, 4- naphthoquinone and β-sitosterol, which inhibited conidial germination of Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium graminearum. [Ch, 1 fig. 2 tab. 13 ref.]