豫西传统地坑窑小气候特征及其热舒适性评价

为探究豫西地区地坑窑的热舒适性及影响成因，在冬季和夏季对河南三门峡市曲村的生土地坑窑进行室内外热环境监测，选取相同位置的地上普通砖房建筑作为对照，利用人体热舒适模型对两者室内外热环境和舒适度进行定量分析、对比与评价。结果表明，冬季地坑窑室内空气温度高于地面普通建筑4.16℃，黑球温度高于地面建筑5.17℃，夏季窑室内平均空气温度低于地面建筑3.1℃，黑球温度低4.06℃；冬夏两季地坑窑室内热舒适均优于地上普通建筑，测量期间夏季和冬季窑室内分别有100%和44%的时间处于舒适范围，地面砖房建筑内分别有22%和11%的时间处于舒适范围，其中，夏季热舒适优于冬季；空气温度是影响窑洞室内热舒适的首要因素，黑球温度是影响室外院落热舒适的首要因素；但冬季窑洞内部保温性能较低，夏季通风不畅，室内湿度高达71.97%，冬季窑洞室内温度是更加急需改善的缺陷。

Microclimate Characteristics and Thermal Comfort Evaluation of Traditional Pit Kilns in Western Henan

In order to explore the thermal comfort of underground pit kilns in western Henan and influencing factors,indoor and outdoor thermal environment monitoring was carried out on the raw earth pit kiln in Qu Village,Sanmenxia City,Henan Province in winter and summer,and ordinary brick building on the ground at the same location was selected as the control.The human thermal comfort models were adopted to quantitatively analyze,compare and evaluate the indoor and outdoor thermal environment and comfort.The results showed that the indoor air temperature of the pit kiln in winter was 4.16℃,higher than that of ordinary building on the ground,and the black bulb temperature was 5.17℃,also higher than that of ground building.The average indoor air temperature of the kiln in summer was 3.1℃,lower than that of ground building and the black bulb temperature was 4.06℃ lower.The indoor thermal comfort of the Jidi pit kiln was better than that of ordinary building on the ground.During the measurement period,the kiln was in the comfortable range for 100% and 44% of the time in summer and 44% of the time in winter,and 22% and 11% of the time in the brick building on the ground.Thermal comfort in summer was better than in winter; air temperature was the primary factor affecting indoor thermal comfort in cave dwellings,and black bulb temperature was the primary factor affecting outdoor courtyard thermal comfort; in winter,the internal thermal insulation performance of cave dwellings was low,and the ventilation in summer cave dwellings was poor and indoor humidity was as high as 71.97%,the indoor temperature of cave dwellings in winter was more urgent to be improved.