金矿废弃地人工植被恢复草本层植物群落特征

以小陇山林区金矿废弃地人工恢复植被和自然恢复植被为对象，采用样方法对草本层植物进行了调查，计算物种重要值和多样性指数，分析不同人工植被恢复下草本层植物组成和物种多样性特征。结果表明:1)金矿废弃地共出现草本植物17科44属52种，其中菊科15属21种，豆科5属6种，蔷薇科4属4种，伞形科4属4种，这4科植物适应能力强，总体表现为单属单种植物较多；2)群落中水蒿、牛尾蒿、紫花苜蓿、大火草重要值(I_V)表现最高。不同人工植被恢复措施，均能形成植被，各群落物种Simpson指数(D)和Evenness均匀度指数(E)变化不大；3)不同恢复年限油松林下草本层Margalef丰富度指数(R) 、Evenness均匀度指数、Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)的变化与油松林龄增长一致，表现在5 a时多样性指数随油松林龄增加而增大，10 a时随油松龄增加而减小；4)人工建植日本落叶松+刺槐和油松+云杉，能够增加Margalef丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener指数，是金矿废弃地人工植被恢复的有效措施。研究结果为林区矿山废弃地植被可持续经营管理和植被恢复物种选择提供理论依据。

Plant Community Characteristics of Herbaceous Layer in Artificial Vegetation Restoration of Gold Mine Wasteland

In this study,artificial restoration vegetation and natural restoration vegetation of gold mine wasteland in Xiaolongshan forest region were taken as the research objects.The species of herbaceous layer were investigated by sample method,and the species importance value and diversity index were calculated.The composition and species diversity of the herb layer under different artificial vegetation restorations were analyzed.The results showed 1)there were 52 species of herbaceous plants belonging to 44 genera and 17 families in gold mine wasteland,among them,21 species belonging to 15 genera of Compositae,6 species belonging to 5 genera of Leguminosae,4 species belonging to 4 genera of Rosaceae and 4 species belonging to 4 genera of Umbelliferae were found.The adaptability of these 4 families was strong,and there were more single genus and single species.2)The important values(I_V)of Artemisia selengensis,A.dubia,Medicago sativa and Anemome tomentosa were the highest in the community.Vegetation could be formed by different artificial vegetation restoration measures,and the Simpson index(D)and Evenness index(E)of each community changed little.3)The changes of Margalef index(R),Evenness index(E),Simpson index(D)and Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H)in the herb layer of Pinus tabuliformis forest with different restoration years were consistent with the growth of P.tabuliformis forest age,this reflected in the diversity index that increased with the increase of P.tabuliformis forest age at 5 a and decreased with forest age at 10 a.4)Planting Larix kaempferi+Robinia pseudoacacia and P.tabuliformis+Picea crassifolia could increase Margalef index(R)and Shannon-Wiener(H),which were effective measures for artificial vegetation restoration in gold mine wasteland.The results provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable management of vegetation and the selection of vegetation restoration species in forest mine wasteland.