新疆哈熊沟森林公园岩面生地衣生态位的研究

为了查明新疆哈熊沟森林公园岩面生地衣对环境资源的利用特点,设置16个样点,利用生态位宽度和生态位重叠值指数,分析40种岩面生地衣的生态位。结果表明,地衣种群之间的重叠现象比较普遍,但大部分重叠值偏低,重叠值较高的物种大都分布于相同样点,且相同样点盖度相似,聚类分析也发现海拔分布相近的种群聚在一起,它们对生境要求有很大的相似性。从生态位宽度值可知,亚分枝黄梅、蓝灰蜈蚣衣、淡肤根石耳、碎茶渍、包氏平茶渍等的Shannon-Wiener和Levins生态位宽度较宽,对环境适应能力强,但是大部分地衣种群的生态位宽度偏窄,分布范围小。生态位宽度与生态位重叠值之间无明显相关。此外,地衣对环境的变化比较敏感,不同的环境资源会影响地衣的生态分布,应重视地衣在不同环境资源梯度上的生态位的研究,从而为保护地衣多样性提供可靠依据。

Niche of Saxicolous Lichens in Haxionggou Forest Park in Xinjiang,China

In order to better understand the characteristics of the utilization of environmental resources of saxicolous lichens occurring in Haxionggou Forest Park,16 sites were sampled in the park,the niche width and niche overlap of 40 saxicolous lichens were studied.The results showed that the niche overlap between lichen populations was common,but most of them were low.The species with higher overlap values were mostly distributed at the same sample sites,and the coverage of the same sample sites was similar.The cluster analysis showed that the populations with similar altitude distribution gathered together,indicating that they had great similarities in habitat requirements.According to the values niche width,the niche width of the species of Xanthoparmelia subramigera,Physcia caesia,Umbilicaria virginis,Lecanora argopholis and Aspicilia bohlinii for Shannon-Wiener and Levins were larger,and had strong adaptability to the environment,but most of the lichens had narrow niche width and small distribution range.And there was no obvious correlation between niche width and niche overlap.Lichens were relatively sensitive to environmental changes,different environmental resources affected the ecological distribution of lichens.Attention should be paid to the study of the niche of lichens on different environmental resource gradients,so as to provide a reliable basis for the protection of lichens diversity.