玄武岩纤维改进亚麻纤维/不饱和聚酯复合材料的耐候性

为了研究玄武岩纤维和亚麻纤维增强不饱和聚酯(unsaturated polyester resin,UP)复合材料的耐候性能,通过人工模拟加速气候箱对混杂复合材料(hybrid composite materials,HCM)进行紫外光和喷凝处理,分析了老化前后对HCM的力学性能、动态热机械性能、吸水性能及微观结构变化的影响。力学测试结果表明,随紫外老化时间增加,H1、H2和H3(玄武岩纤维分别占总纤维质量的20.3%、41.5%和63.7%)的弯曲强度和冲击韧性先增大后降低,其中弯曲强度保持率分别为:62.5%、58.1%和57%;冲击韧性保持率分别为:66.8%、66.7%和53.2%。紫外老化时间对H3的弯曲强度影响显著(P0.05),而玄武岩纤维含量对HCM的弯曲强度保持率影响不显著(P0.05)。老化后的HCM的刚性增强,脆性增大,同时界面结合强度变差。老化600 h后,H1、H2和H3的吸水率与未老化相比分别增长了39.1%,44.9%和50.3%。与未老化的HCM相比,老化后亚麻纤维容易脱胶,空隙较多;玄武岩纤维与基体结合紧密,周围出现基体碎片。以上研究结果表明紫外老化使HCM进一步固化,力学性能增强;但随老化时间延长,基体发生不可逆硬度增加,脆性使纤维与基体的界面容易出现微裂纹,从而导致HCM性能下降;水分对亚麻纤维与基体的界面有影响并对破坏界面过程进行初步探索,验证了水分破坏存在的合理性。以上综合分析表明,H1的耐候性更好,而基体UP的降解将严重影响HCM的耐候性能。

Aging-resistant performance of flax/basalt fiber fabrics reinforced unsaturated polyester resin hybrid composites

Abstract: In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the use of natural fiber reinforced polymer in many fields due to low density, high specific strength and eco-friendly property. However, the application of composites is faced with difficulties in outdoor environment, such as water absorption, degradation, low mechanic strength and dimensional stability. In order to improve the aging-resistant property of flax fiber fabrics/basalt fiber fabrics reinforced UP (unsaturated polyester resin), the author used the artificial simulating climate box (ultraviolet and condensation) to accelerate ageing process of HCM (hybrid composite materials), which was composed of different sandwich layers and included H1, H2 and H3 representing basalt fiber content of total fibers of 20.3%, 41.5% and 63.7%, respectively. Mechanical properties, DMA (dynamic mechanical analysis) performance and microstructure of HCM were affected by basalt fiber content and aging time. The result showed that both flexural strength and impact strength first increased and then decreased with aging time. The retention of flexural strength was 62.5%, 58.1% and 57.0% for H1, H2 and H3, respectively. With regard to impact strength, the figures were 66.8%, 66.7% and 53.2% for H1, H2 and H3, respectively. The results of ANOVA (analysis of variance) and LSD (least-significant difference) illustrated that ultraviolet aging time had significant effects on flexural strength of H3 (P<0.05) while basalt fiber content had not significant effects on flexural strength retention (P>0.05). As ultraviolet aging time increased, rigidity and frangibility of HCM increased gradually. The poor interfacial adhesion was demonstrated between flax fiber and UP by DMA. The result of SEM (scan electron microscope) indicated a poor interfacial adhesion between flax and UP matrix, such as debonding and more voids. However, basalt fibers and UP matrix were combined closely and matrix fragments around basalt fibers were found. The main reason was that hydrogen bond produced after absorbing water destroyed the interface between flax fibers and UP matrix. So process of water damage in the interface was verified by SEM. In conclusion, mechanical properties of HCM increase slightly owing to further solidified substrate. However, with the extension of aging time, irreversible hardening happens to matrix, followed by micro-crack appearing between fiber and matrix, which leads to a decrease in mechanical properties of HCM. In addition, water has significant effect on flax fiber and the mechanism of water damage is approved by SEM results. The manufacture of HCM by using natural degradable fibers is meaningful to environmental protection; on top of that, it can provide the reference to aging-resistance improvement of inorganic fibers/plant fibers reinforced polymer HCM.