黄淮流域主栽大豆品种炸荚性研究初报

通过对黄淮流域32个大豆品种进行的32d跟踪调查，初步明确了大豆炸荚规律，表明品种之间总炸荚率、成熟后10d炸荚率存在明显差异，根据总炸荚率分为5级，其中0级（不炸荚）占6．25％，Ⅰ级（0％～1％）占12．5％，Ⅱ级（1％～5％）占25．0％；Ⅲ级（5％～10％）占18．75％；Ⅳ级（10％～30％）占18．75％：Ⅴ级（大于30％）占18．75％。通过对成熟后32d的日平均气温、日熙时数、空气相对湿度与日平均炸荚率进行相关分析表明：平均炸荚率与日平均气温的相关系数为0．34，与平均日照的相关系数为0．35，均未迭显著水平，与空气相对湿度的相关系数为-0．73，迭极显著水平。说明大豆炸荚主要受品种特性影响，同时与成熟后空气相对湿度有关。

Preliminary Investigation on Pod- shattering of Main Soybean Cultivars in Huanghuai Area

Based on 32 days investigation from 32 cultivars in Huanghuai area, general pod-shattering characteristics was proposed. Significant differences were found among cultivars in terms of total shattering rate and the rate of shattering ten days after maturity. According to the total shattering rate, six shattering groups were divided: 0 group, no shattering, I group with shattering rate 0-1%, II group with shattering rate of 1-5%, III group with shattering rate of 5-10%, IV group with shattering rate of10-30%, and V group with shattering rate over 30%. For all cultivars investigated, these groups account for 6.25%, 12.5%, 25.0%, 18.75%, 18.75%, 18.75% respectively. The correlation coefficient between average daily temperature and shattering rate was 0.34 and that with daily sunshine hour was 0.35, while negative correlation was found between relative air humidity and shattering rate. This indicates that shattering of soybeans was mainly controlled by heredity, and was affected by relative air humidity.