十三年小麦品种抗叶锈性鉴定工作进展(1973—1986)

本文是十三年来小麦品种抗叶锈性鉴定工作的系统总结。十三年来在温室和田间共测定了小麦材料6798份(次),鉴定出一批抗叶锈病的中间材料和抗源,为培育和推广抗锈良种提供了抗锈材料,并提出应压缩种植面积的感病品种,和不应采用的感病材料,对生产和抗病育种有积极的指导意义。在理论和方法上指出了测定品种抗锈性时应有群体观念,应研究品种与锈菌群体的关系。提出了生态类群概念和指出测定抗锈性时应注意在不同生态条件下形成的锈菌的群体毒性可能不同。此外还提出不仅研究个体品种的抗锈性,还应研究几个品种的联合抗病性等,为提高抗病育种的功效,提供了理论依据和新的工作方法。

THIRTEEN YEARS WORK ON THE TESTING WHEAT VARIETIES FOR RESISTANCE TO PUCCINIA RECONDITA F.SP.TRITICI (1973-1986)

During 13 years (1973-1986),6798 breeding materials of wheat have been tested for resistance to puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici both in seediing stage in greennouse and in adult stage in field. Quite a number of resistant materials have been obtained and suggested to the breeders and have been further bred and released. Recommendations have also been made as to the highly susceptible lines, varieties or sources of resistance which should not be used in extension or in breeding program. Improvement of method of approach have also been suggested both theoretically and practically that the research workers should have the view point of population so as to study the interaction between a cultivar and the population of rust and should have the idea of ctotypes so as to notice the virulence of the population of the rust fungi formed under different agroecological conditions might be different, and the work of assessment of plant resistance should not only study the resistance of an individual cultivar, but also study the resistance association of several cultivars.