山东石灰岩山地植被结构与演变

在群落调查的基础上,对山东省淄博市沂源县和博山区两处代表性的石灰岩山地植被于2001年和2005年进行2次调查,从群落物种的重要值、物种多样性、生态位等方面对山东石灰岩山地植被的现状进行了生态学分析,并将2001年作为有人为干扰情况下的植被现状,人工封育5a后的2005年作为经过人工封育的自然恢复现状,对石灰岩山地植被的演变进行了分析.结果表明:山东石灰岩山地植被的现状相对较差,群落的层次性不明显,灌草层的优势种为黄荆和结缕草,经过人工封育,灌草层的优势种并没有明显的变化,两地的植被还处于演变过程中,但没有达到演替的程度,沂源样地的情况和演变程度均要强于博山;灌草层物种多样性的变化并不一致,经过对物种多样性指数的计算,可以得出两地的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数都有所上升;物种优势度、生态位宽度和生态位重叠三者之间2001年相关关系不显著,但2005年相关关系显著,并且有从无直线相关到有直线相关,从直线相关到对数相关的变化趋势.

Research on Vegetation Structure and Evolvementof Limestone Mountain in Shandong Province

The area suitable for planting forests in Shandong Province are mostly in limestone mountain. Because of its bad environmental condition, it is difficult to plant trees in limestone mountain. We did researches in 2001 and 2005 respectively in order to apply theory to vegetation resume in limestone mountain. Based on community investigation, two representative limestone mountain forests were selected in Yiyuan and Boshan which were investigated twice at 2001 and 2005. The land was divided into 4 types in both places, and 2 - 6 quadrats were placed in every kinds of area types. Then arbor layer (20 m×20 m), shrub layer (3 m×3 m) and herbage layer (3 m×3 m) were investigated separately. By means of species importance value, species diversity, niche et al., the ecological characteristics of vegetation in limestone mountain were studied actually. According to comparison of the data in 2001 and 2005, which stand for the vegetation actuality under jamming and natural restoration actuality under forest enclosing and tending,the vegetation evolvement was studied of limestone mountain in Shandong Province. The results showed that the actuality of limestone mountain in Shandong Province was comparatively bad; the community levels were not distinct. The dominant species in shrub and herbage layers were Vitex negundo and Zoysia japonica,according to forest enclosing and tending, the dominant species in shrub and herbage layers did not change obviously. The vegetation in two spots was in the process of evolvement, but it did not come to the extent of succession. The condition was better and the evolvement extent was deeper in Yiyuan than in Boshan. The variety of species diversity in shrub and herbage layerss were not identical,and it rose of shrub layer in both spots. As for herbage layer, it declined in Boshan (from 1.54 to 1.09) and rose in Yiyuan (from 1.22 to 1.24). There was no rule of species diversity along with altitude. Relationships among importance value (IV), niche breadth (BL) and niche overlap (Op) in 2001 were not prominent, but it was prominent in 2005, it had the change trend from no linear correlation to linear correlation, from linear correlation to logarithmic correlation.