反刍家畜常用饲料蛋白质和氨基酸瘤胃降解特性和小肠消化率评定研究

本试验探讨了常用饲料在瘤胃的降解特性及非降解饲料的小肠消化率,旨在为研究反刍动物的营养平衡和消化规律及科学配制日粮提供依据。试验选用3头装瘤胃瘘管和十二指肠瘘管的肉牛,采用尼龙袋法研究反刍动物常用饲料粗蛋白质和氨基酸瘤胃降解参数和表观小肠消化率。结果表明,在本试验中粗蛋白质降解率由低到高的顺序为:酒糟蛋白、黄玉米、羊草、玉米胚芽饼、菜粕、棉粕、豆粕、花生饼、啤酒糟、苜蓿、米糠、小麦麸;总氨基酸瘤胃降解率由低至高的顺序依次为:酒糟蛋白、黄玉米、羊草、玉米胚芽饼、菜粕、豆粕、棉粕、啤酒糟、花生饼、苜蓿、米糠、小麦麸。除花生饼、酒糟蛋白和黄玉米外,粗蛋白质和总氨基酸的有效降解率差异不显著(P>0.05)。粗蛋白质的表观小肠消化率由低至高的顺序依次为:苜蓿、羊草、米糠、小麦麸、啤酒糟、玉米胚芽饼、棉粕、菜粕、玉米、酒糟蛋白、花生饼、豆粕;总氨基酸的小肠消化率由低至高的顺序依次为:羊草、苜蓿、米糠、小麦麸、啤酒糟、玉米胚芽饼、菜粕、棉粕、花生饼、玉米、酒糟蛋白、豆粕。由此可见,不同的饲料瘤胃降解特性是不同的,并且为小肠提供的各种可吸收氨基酸潜力也是不同的。

In Situ Degradability Characteristics of Crude Protein and Amino Acids in the Rumen and Small Intestinal Digestibility Using the Mobile Nylon Bag with Ruminant Feedstuffs

To confect diet formulation of ruminant accurately, three steers fitted with permanent ruminal cannulas and T-type duodenal cannulas were used to investigate degradation characteristics and apparent small intestinal digestibility of crude protein (CP) and amino acid (AA) by in situ method. In our result, ranking of the rumen effective degradability of CP from low to high was: distillers dried grains with solubles (DGS), maize (MZ), Chinese wildrye (CW), corn germ meal (CGM), rapeseed meal (RSM), cottonseed meal (CSM), soybean meal (SBM), peanut cake (PC), brewer's grains (BG), alfalfa hay (AH), rice bran (RB), and wheat bran (WB); ranking of the rumen effective degradability of total amino acids (TAA) from low to high was: DGS, MZ, CW, CGM, RSM, SBM, CSM, BG, PC, AH, RB, and WB. The result showed that the difference of rumen effective degradability between crude protein and total amino acid was not significant. Ranking of small intestinal digestibility of crude protein from low to high was: AH, CW, RB, WB, BG, CGM, CSM, RSM, MZ, DGS, PC and SBM; ranking of small intestinal digestibility of total amino acids from low to high was: CW, AH, RB, WB, BG, CGM, RSM, CSM, PC, MZ, DGS, SBM. We can see that the rumen effective degradability of the feedstuff with different kinds was dissimilar, and the potential that can provide for small intestine with the amino acid was different.