不同驯化移栽因素对油棕组培苗成活的影响

油棕（Elaeis guineensis Jacq.）为棕榈科多年生乔木,是热带重要油料作物之一。其果实生产的油脂可作为食用油脂、工业原料、生物能源等,用途广泛,市场需求逐年增加,而用于种植的土地有限,因此通过提高单位面积产油量成为油棕产业发展的迫切需求。以优良油棕母树叶片为外植体的组培苗既保存亲本优良的遗传性状,遗传性状又均一,可明显提高油棕单位面积产油量。因此油棕组培苗繁育是短期内满足产业技术需求的有效途径。移栽驯化是油棕组培苗繁育的关键环节之一,但该环节存在组培苗较难移栽成活、长势弱等问题,为选择适合驯化移栽的油棕组培苗的关键因素,建立系统高效的油棕组培苗驯化移栽技术,本研究对油棕组培苗开展了根系状况、基质、遮荫条件、湿度调控措施、不同月份的对比实验,观察其成活及生长情况,统计成活率和平均每株新增叶片量。结果表明,高6~ 8 cm,具3张叶,有侧根的油棕组培苗适宜出瓶移栽;椰糠+砂壤土表土（体积比2∶1）适宜用于移栽基质;驯化移栽时期宜选在高温季节（如儋州市3—11月）;移栽后宜置于具遮光度为75%的遮阳网双层遮荫;组培苗栽植于穴盘后宜置于可自动调控湿度的育苗箱中,移栽0~15 d设置湿度下限值95%,15~30 d设置湿度下限值75%,30 d后打开育苗箱,停止湿度调控装置运转,置于自然湿度条件下培养,其移栽驯化成活率达98.67%,新增叶片量1.20片/株。综上,根系状况、基质、遮荫条件、湿度调控措施、不同月份是油棕组培苗移栽成活的重要影响因素,本研究结果可为油棕组培苗规模化驯化移栽提供技术支撑,也可为其他棕榈科植物的组培苗驯化移栽提供参考。

Effect of Different Acclimatical Factors on Tissue Culture Seedlings Survival of Elaeis guineensis Jacq.

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a perennial tree of palm family and is one of the important oil crops in tropical zones. The oil produced by its fruit can be used as edible oil, industrial raw materials, bioenergy, etc.. The market demand is increasing, but the land used for planting is limited. Therefore, it becomes the urgent demand of industrial development by increasing the yield of oil per unit area. The tissue culture seedlings from the leaves of elit oil palm can preserve the excellent genetic traits and uniform genetic traits of the parent, which can significantly improve the oil production per unit area of oil palm. Therefore, the propagation for tissue culture seedlings of oil palm is an effective way to meet the technical needs of the industry in the short term. The acclimatization is one of the key links of propagation for tissue culture seedlings of oil palm, and there are problems such as difficult to survive and weak growth of tissue culture seedlings. In order to select the seedling quality and environmental factors of systematic and efficient oil palm tissue culture seedlings acclimatical technology, a study was carried out on the root system status, medium, shade conditions, humidity control measures and different months to observe its survival and growth, statistical survival rate and the average number of new leaves per plantlet. The seedlings with 6-8 cm high, 3 leaves and lateral roots were suitable for acclimatization. Coconut bran + topsoil of sand soil (volume ratio 2∶1) was suitable for transplanting medium. The acclimatization period should be selected in the high temperature months (from March to November in Danzhou). After transplanting, it should be placed in the double layers shading net with shading rate 75%. The seedlings should be placed in the seedling box that can automatically control humidity more than 95% in the first 15 d, more than 75% in the 15-30 d. 30 d after, the seedling could be placed in natural humidity conditions. The survival rate of transplanting was 98.67%, and the new leaves were 1.20 pieces per plantlet. Root status, medium, shade condition, humidity control measure and different month are important factors affecting the acclimatical survival of oil palm tissue culture seedlings. The research results could provide technical support for the large-scale acclimatical transplanting of oil palm tissue culture seedlings and reference for acclimatization of other palm plant tissue culture seedlings.