海南百香果病虫害种类调查鉴定及其发生危害

百香果是海南省的新兴产业,也是我国多个省区扶贫攻坚的重要产业。病虫害是影响百香果产业的重要因素,随着海南百香果种植面积越来越大,病虫害对百香果产业的不利影响越来越凸显。由于缺乏百香果病虫害种类调查鉴定的基础性研究,许多种植户对田间发生的病虫害种类识别不足,从而影响了百香果病虫害的防控效果。为了摸清海南百香果种植区的病虫害种类,于2019—2021年对海南省儋州市、乐东县、屯昌县、文昌市、三亚市、东方市、保亭县、白沙县、海口市等百香果种植区的病虫害进行了系统调查与鉴定,并对其发生危害特点进行了研究。鉴定发现海南百香果种植区的病害有11种,分别是病毒病、茎基腐病、炭疽病、疮痂病、疫病、灰霉病、果腐病、褐斑病、烟煤病、藻斑病和缺镁。重要病害为病毒病和茎基腐病,危害程度分别为4级和3级,炭疽病和疮痂病危害也较重,危害程度均为2级,其他病害危害较轻。害虫有28种,分别是黄胸蓟马、茶黄蓟马、红带蓟马、美洲棘蓟马、普通大蓟马、咖啡木蠹蛾、美洲斑潜蝇、橘小实蝇、斜纹夜蛾、双线盗毒蛾、绿丽刺蛾、白带锯蛱蝶、烟粉虱、温室白粉虱、柑橘粉蚧、木槿曼粉蚧、藤壶蜡蚧、茶角盲蝽、樟颈曼盲蝽、稻绿蝽、中稻缘蝽、茶小绿叶蝉、丽球瓢蜡蝉、绿鳞象甲、眼斑芫菁、白条豆芫菁、甘薯梳龟甲和朱砂叶螨。重要害虫为黄胸蓟马和咖啡木蠹蛾,危害程度均为3级,茶黄蓟马和美洲斑潜蝇的危害也较重,危害程度均为2级,其他害虫危害较轻。软体动物3种,分别是灰巴蜗牛、同型巴蜗牛和一种尚未鉴定的蛞蝓。本研究明确了海南百香果种植区病虫害具体种类,新发现百香果病害1种和害虫24种,为海南百香果病虫害的精准防控提供技术支撑。

Investigation and Identification of Diseases and Pests of Passion Fruit in Hainan and the Damages

As an important source to alleviate poverty in many provinces, passion fruit is an emerging industry in Hainan province. With increasing growing areas of passion fruits, diseases and pests have exerted a noticeable adverse effect in the industry. Due to the lack of basic research on the investigation and identification of passion fruit diseases and pests, many passion fruit growers have insufficient or incorrect identification on the diseases and pests in the field, which affects the control effect of passion fruit diseases and pests. Investigations and identifications were conducted in Danzhou, Ledong, Tunchang, Wenchang, Sanya, Dongfang, Baoting, Baisha and Haikou from 2019 to 2021 to clarify the species of diseases and pests of passion fruit in Hainan plantations and the study also analyzed their characteristics. The results of investigation and identification showed that there were 11 types of passion fruit diseases, including virus disease, stem rot, Anthracnose, scab, blight, gray mould, fruit rot, Brown spot, Sooty mould, Algal leaf spot and Magnesium deficiency, of which virus disease and stem rot were the major diseases with damage degrees of grade 4 and 3 respectively, anthracnose and scab also caused serious damages on passion fruit with the same damage degree of grade 2, and other diseases caused minor damages. 28 passion fruit pests were identified, including Thrips hawaiiensis, Scirtothrips dorsalis, S. rubrocictus, Megalurothrips usitatus, Echinothrips americanus, Lirioyza sativae, Bactrocera dorsalis, Zeuzera coffeae, Spodoptera litura, Porthesia scintillans, Latoia lepida, Cethosia cyane, Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Planococcus citri, Maconellicoccus hirsutus, Ceroplastes cirripediformis, Helopeltis theivora, Mansoniella cinnamomi, Nezara viridula, Leptocorisa chinensis, Empoasca onukii, Hemisphaerius lysanias, Hypomeces squamosus, Mylabris cichorii, Epicauta gorhami, Aspidomorpha furcata and Tetranychus cinnabarinus, of which the major pests were T. hawaiiensis and Z. coffeae with the same damage degree of grade 3, S. dorsalis and L. sativae also caused serious damages with the same damage degree of grade 2, and other pests caused minor damages. There were three species of mollusca found on passion fruit, namely Bradybaena ravida, B. similaris and an unidentified slug. In this study, the species of diseases and pests in the passion fruit plantations in Hainan were identified for the first time in China, and one passion fruit disease and 24 pests were newly discovered and first reported, which provided technical support for the precise control of passion fruit diseases and pests in Hainan.