RNAi在农业病虫害防控中的应用研究进展

RNAi (RNA干扰) 是指由诱导分子siRNA (小干扰 RNA)、miRNA (微小RNA)或piRNA (P 转座子诱导互作 RNA) 特异性降解或者抑制同源mRNA，引起靶标基因沉默的现象。RNAi技术具有操作简便、特异性和选择性强等显著特点，是目前农业生命科学领域最有可能应用于病虫害防控的新技术之一。本文通过综述近年来RNAi在农业病虫害防控领域应用的最新研究成果，并对RNAi技术在新靶标基因筛选、高效dsRNA载体开发、与传统农药相结合以及拓宽应用范围等诸多方面的发展前景进行了展望，同时还针对RNAi干扰效率、稳定性、成本控制、抗性发展及抗性治理等方面所面临的挑战进行了深入探讨，提出了合理建议。基于RNAi技术的病虫害防控策略将继续焕发新的活力，为综合防控提供新理念。

Research advances on the application of RNA interference inagricultural disease and pest control

RNA interference (RNAi) is a phenomenon that a series of small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA (miRNA), or Piwi interacting RNA (piRNA) bind to their target mRNAs triggering specific degradation or inhibition of homologous mRNA, thereby reducing or shutting down the expression of these specific genes. Given its ease of operation, high specificity and selectivity, RNAi technology is now becoming one of the new tactics and is most likely to be applied to pest and disease control in the field of agricultural life science. This paper reviews the latest progress in the application of RNAi in agricultural pest and disease control, and looks forward to the development prospects of RNAi in the field of screening of new target genes, development of high-efficiency double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) vectors, combination with traditional pesticides, and broadening of the application scope and so on. It also conducted an in-depth discussion on the challenges faced by RNAi interference efficiency, stability, cost control, resistance development, and resistance management and gave reasonable suggestions. In conclusion, the application strategies of RNAi-based pest control will continue to stimulate new vitality and provide new ideas for comprehensive plant protection control.