“水稻-再生稻”种植模式专用肥轻简施用对产量、肥料利用率及经济效益的影响

【目的】研究明确“水稻-再生稻”体系施用专用肥对产量、产量构成因子、肥料利用率和经济效益的影响，为“水稻-再生稻”的轻简科学施肥提供理论依据。【方法】采用多点田间试验，设置不施肥(T1)、当地农民习惯施肥(T2)、专用肥(T3)等3个处理。分别测定不同处理的产量、产量构成因子和氮、磷、钾养分含量，从而计算养分积累量、肥料利用率和经济效益。【结果】施肥可以显著提高稻谷产量，与T1相比，9个试验点的T2处理头季稻和再生稻平均增产56.0%和89.4%;T3处理平均增产75.3%和108.9%;与T2相比，T3处理头季稻、再生稻以及两季总产量分别增加了1006 kg/hm²、356 kg/hm²和1362 kg/hm²，增幅分别为12.4%、10.3%和11.8%。T3处理相较于T2处理，每穗粒数增加了20粒，增幅达到10.5%。养分吸收结果显示，与T2处理相比，T3处理头季水稻地上部氮(N)、磷(P₂O₅)和钾(K₂O)的积累量分别增加了7.4%、6.8%和10.2%;再生季分别增加了5.9%、16.6%和24.4%。不同试验点T3处理氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学利用率和氮肥回收利用率均有提高的趋势，与T2处理相比，最高分别增加25.3%、93.8%和143.7%。在9个试验点，纯收入平均提高了6.19×10³ 元/hm²。【结论】专用肥的施用可以显著提高“水稻-再生稻”种植模式稻谷产量，增加地上部养分吸收量，提高肥料利用率，减少施肥次数，提高经济效益。

Effects of Simplified Application of Dedicated Fertilizer on Yield,Fertilizer Use Efficiency and Economic Benefit in Rice-ratoon Rice System

【Objective】The effects of simplified application of dedicated fertilizer on yield, yield components, fertilizer use efficiency and economic benefit were studied and clarified in the system of rice-ratoon rice to lay a theoretical basis for the simplified and scientific fertilization. 【Method】Multi-site field experiments were designed with no fertilizer (T1), local farmers’ practice (T2) and dedicated and simplified fertilizer (T3). The yield, yield components, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration of different treatments were determined to calculate the nutrient accumulation, fertilizer use efficiency and economic benefit. 【Result】Fertilization could significantly increase the yield of rice. Compared with T1 treatment, the main rice and ratoon rice in nine experimental sites under T2 treatment increased by 56.0% and 89.4%, respectively; For T3 treatment, by 75.3% and 108.9%. Compared with T2 treatment, the total grain yield of T3 treatment in the main season, the ratooning season and the two seasons increased by 1006 kg/hm², 356 kg/hm² and 1362 kg/hm², with increasing rates of 12.4%, 10.3% and 11.8%. Compared with T2 treatment, the number of grains per panicle of T3 treatment increased by 20 grains or 10.5%. The results showed that the Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P₂O₅) and Potassium (K₂O) accumulation in the main season in above-ground rice plants increased by 7.4%, 6.8% and 10.2% in T3 treatment. Compared with T2 treatment, the ratoon rice increased by 5.9%, 16.6% and 24.4%. The partial factor productivity from applied N, apparent recovery efficiency of applied N and agronomic efficiency of applied N of T3 treatment at different experimental sites increased, with the highest increase of 25.3%, 93.8% and 143.7%, respectively as compared with T2 treatment. In the nine experimental sites, net income increased by 6.19×103 Yuan/hm² on average. 【Conclusion】The results showed that the application of dedicated and simplified fertilizer could significantly increase the rice yield, the nutrient uptake of above-ground parts, and improve the fertilizer use efficiency, reduce the times of fertilization and increase economic benefits.