湿地生态系统管理:热点领域与研究方法

湿地生态系统管理以湿地生态系统功能和产品的长期可持续为核心目标，强调基于生态系统完整性的湿地保护和修复，是人类应对湿地退化的重要工具。通过梳理湿地生态系统管理相关研究，文中对其热点领域和方法采用文献列举方式进行分析，概述当前的研究热点，包括湿地生态系统评价、湿地生态系统时空演化及驱动因素、湿地水文过程调控、湿地保护修复的策略与规划、湿地生态系统服务及其权衡与协同、湿地利益相关者需求与协调、湿地综合生态系统管理等；归纳了主要研究方法，包括情景分析法，统计学、数学分析法，模型模拟法，社会、经济协同分析法，统一框架综合决策法等；指出未来研究可能向跨学科交叉与融合持续深化，湿地生态系统服务测量、评价和价值实现，多尺度研究的协同，案例研究进一步丰富和接续等方向发展。

Wetland Ecosystem Management: Focus Area and Research Methods

Wetland ecosystem management (WEM) takes the sustainability of wetland ecosystem function & products as the core goal, emphasizing wetland protection and rehabilitation based on ecosystem integrity. It is an important tool for mankind to cope with the wetland degradation. Through the review of the research on wetland ecosystem management, this paper provides an in-depth analysis of the focus area and method classifications of wetland research using literature review. It summarizes the current hotspot issues, including wetland ecosystem assessment, spatiotemporal evolution and driving factors of wetland ecosystem, regulation of wetland hydrological process, development strategy and planning for wetland conservation and rehabilitation, trade-offs and synergies of wetland ecosystem services, appealing and coordination of wetland stakeholders, integrated wetland ecosystem management. It summarizes the main research methods including scenario analysis, statistical and mathematical analysis, model simulation, analysis of the synergy between society and economy, unified framework for comprehensive decision-making. It is pointed out that future research may be further focused on interdisciplinary and integrative research, estimation, assessment and value realization of wetland ecosystem service, multi-scale research integration, further enrichment and continuation of case studies.