生物土壤结皮提高生态系统碳汇能力研究进展

生物土壤结皮是由土壤微生物、藻类、地衣和苔藓植物等孢子植物类群与土壤形成的有机复合体，具有极强的生态适应性，广泛分布于陆地生态系统中。对于生物土壤结皮的研究过去主要集中在干旱荒漠地区的生态修复方面，近年来研究发现，生物土壤结皮可以有效固定CO₂等温室气体，实现生态环境的良性循环。研究生物土壤结皮形成、发育过程的特点，合理推广利用生物土壤结皮，可以改善生态环境、提高固定CO₂效率和降低温室效应。文中综述了生物土壤结皮国内外相关研究最新进展，总结了生物土壤结皮的种类和对生态的积极作用，分析其对减缓温室效应的作用机理，并对未来研究重点进行展望，以加深对生物土壤结皮的认识，促进其在环境修复方面的推广应用。

Research Progress in How Biological Soil Crusts Improve Carbon Sink Capacity of Terrestrial Ecosystems

Biological soil crusts are an organic complex formed by soil and spore plants such as soil microorganisms, algae, lichens and bryophytes, which are widely distributed in the terrestrial ecosystem because of their strong ecological adaptability. The previous research on biological soil crusts was mainly concentrated on the ecological restoration of arid desert areas, while the latest research found that biological soil crusts can effectively sequestrate greenhouse gases like CO₂, and contribute to a virtuous cycle of ecological environment. Studying the characteristics of biological soil crusts in their formation and development process and reasonably promoting the use of biological soil crusts can ameliorate ecological environment, improve the efficiency of CO₂ assimilation and reduce the greenhouse effect. This paper reviews the latest advances and trends in the biological soil crust studies, summarizes the types of biological soil crusts and their positive effect on eco-environment, and analyzes their specific action mechanism of the greenhouse effect mitigation. Then the paper discusses future research priorities, so as to deepen the understanding of biological soil crusts and promote their development in environmental remediation.