有机培肥对土壤肥力及玉米氮素利用和产量的影响

为了提高辽北地区土壤肥力水平,提高氮肥利用效率,通过田间试验方法,设置不施氮肥对照(T1)、牛粪+不施氮肥(T2)、秸秆还田+不施氮肥(T3)、常规氮肥(T4)、牛粪+常规氮肥(T5)、牛粪+减氮15％(T6)、秸秆还田+常规氮肥(T7)、秸秆还田+减氮15％(T8)共8个处理,研究不同处理对土壤有机质、全氮、氮肥利用...

Effects of Organic Fertilization on Soil Fertility,Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency and Yield of Maize

In order to improve soil fertility and nitrogen utilization efficiency in Liaobei area, field experiment was conducted with different treatments including no nitrogen fertilizer (T1), cow dung + no nitrogen fertilizer (T2), maize straw + no nitrogen fertilizer (T3), conventional nitrogen fertilization (T4), cow dung + conventional nitrogen fertilizer (T5), cow dung + nitrogen fertilizer reduction 15% (T6), maize straw + conventional nitrogen fertilizer (T7) , maize straw + nitrogen fertilizer reduction 15% (T8). The effects of different treatments on soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content, nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) and yield of maize were investigated. The results showed that the addition of straw and cow dung increased soil organic matter content and total nitrogen content. Compared with T4, soil organic matter contents of T5, T6, T7 and T8 were increased by 46.43%, 39.88%, 12.68% and 11.07%, respectively; and their total nitrogen contents were increased by 21.35%, 17.57%, 15.68% and 12.79%, respectively. The corn yields of T5 and T7 were significantly increased than T4 treatment by 6.07% and 3.15%, while there was no significant difference between those of T6, T8 and T4. NUEs of T5, T6 and T8 were increased significantly than T4 by 7.09%, 12.94% and 6.94%. Partial factor productivitis of applied N in T6 and T8 were significantly increased than T4 by 19.03% and 1724%. To sum up, application of maize straw and cow dung improved soil fertility and nitrogen utilization rate of maize thus increased its yield. Nitrogen fertilizer reduction failed to reduce soil fertility and grain yield. Overall, T5 and T6 treatments had the best effects. The present research provided a reliable scientific basis for soil fertilization and rational application of nitrogen fertilizer in Liaobei area.