精准有机肥施肥机的设计与试验

针对目前国内有机肥施肥机功能单一、撒施量和幅宽不可调节或调节范围小的现状,设计了一款精准有机肥施肥机,实现了大块肥料的二次破碎后撒施,肥料均匀性好;采用机械传动和液压传动相结合,实现拖拉机动力的合理使用;利用FPGA控制系统对输肥链板档位、肥门开度和肥料落点控制罩角度进行精准调节,实现了撒施量和撒施幅宽的可变,同时可对料箱内运行状况、撒施情况等实时监控。试验结果表明:施肥机破碎度高、撒施均匀性好,实现了自动驾驶及撒施量和撒施幅宽的精准可变控制,撒施幅宽4~7.2m,撒施量3495~5520kg/hm^2,纵向施肥变异系数20.7%,施肥量变异系数0.48%。

Design and Test of Precise Organic Fertilizer Applicator

Aiming at the current situation of single function,unadjustable quantity and width of organic fertilizer application machine or small adjustment range,a precise organic fertilizer application machine was designed.The fertilizer applicator can realize the second crushing of bulk fertilizer and spread the fertilizer evenly.Using the combination of mechanical transmission and hydraulic transmission to realize the rational use of tractor power;The FPGA control system is used to precisely adjust the stall position of the fertilizer chain board,the opening of the fertilizer door and the Angle of the fertilizer drop point control cover,realizing the variable amount and width of fertilizer application,and at the same time,real-time monitoring of the operation status and application status of the material box.The test results showed that the fertilizer application machine had high crushing degree and good uniformity,and realized automatic driving and accurate variable control of spraying quantity and width.The spraying width range was 4-7.2m,the spraying quantity was 3495-5520kg/hm^2,the longitudinal fertilizer variation coefficient was 20.7%,and the fertilizer variation coefficient was 0.48%.