双季稻区长期秸秆还田配施化肥对大麦生理特性与产量的影响

为探明在大麦一双季稻多熟制条件下,长期秸秆还田配施化肥措施对大麦植株主要生育期叶片生理特性和产量的影响,于2018-2020年在长期定位试验(33年)的基础上,系统分析了无肥(CK1)、单独施用化肥(CK2)和秸秆还田配施化肥(RF)3种不同施肥条件下植株叶片保护性酶活性、光合指标及产量的变化特征.结果 表明,RF显著...

Effects of Crop Residue and Mineral Fertilizer on Physiological Characteristics of Barley Leaves and Yield under Double-cropping Rice Field

In order to explore the effects of long-term application of crop residue and mineral fertilizer on physiological characteristics in plant leaves and yield of barley (Hordaum vulgare L.) under barley and double-cropping rice triple crops planting pattern, a long-term field experiment established by 33 a in Ningxiang county of Hunan Province was carried out, the protective enzyme activities and photosynthetic characteristics of barley leaves, and yield of barley with different fertilizer treatments were investigated from 2018 to 2020 in the present paper. The experiment included three different fertilizer treatments: without fertilizer (CK1), chemical fertilizer alone (CK2) and crop residue and chemical fertilizer (RF). The results showed that activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in barley leaves of RF and CK2 treatments increased when compared with CK1 treatment at different main growth stages of barley. Meanwhile, compared with CK1 treatment, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline (Pro) in leaves of RF and CK2 treatments decreased at different main growth stages of barley. ANOV result indicated that activities of SOD, POD and CAT in leaves of RF treatment were significantly higher (P＜0.05) than those of CK1 treatment, and the MDA and Pro contents in leaves of RF treatment were significantly lower (P＜0.05) than those of CK1 treatment at different main growth stages of barley. Meanwhile, the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate in leaves of RF treatment were significantly higher (P＜0.05) than that of CK1 treatment at different main growth stages of barley. The order of barley yield with different fertilizer treatments from 2018 to 2020 were showed as RF＞CK2＞CK1, and the grain yields of RF treatment were significantly higher (P＜0.05) than those of CK1 treatment. Compared with CK1 treatment, the grain yield of RF treatment was increased by 571.5 and 576.9 kg·hm^-2 from 2018 and 2020. As a result, it was an effective way to improve protective enzyme activities and photosynthetic characteristics in leaves of barley by appling crop residue and chemical fertilizer, which provided the physiological basis for higher grain yield of barley.