新疆棉花施肥现状、问题与对策

通过对棉花产量、施肥量及其它管理措施的调查,分析了新疆主要植棉县棉花的施肥现状及存在问题.对棉花种植户生产状况分析结论如下:(1)在棉花生产中,农民施肥盲目性较大,区域间有机肥施用量不平衡,南疆农民较重视有机肥的施用;(2)肥料投入不平衡严重,施肥量上有较大的差异,很少施用钾肥,氮肥(N)投入量0～495 kg/hm2、磷肥(P2O5)0～813.75 kg/hm2、钾肥(K2O)0～49.5 kg/hm2、有机肥0～60 000 kg/hm2;(3)氮磷钾配比不协调,氮磷钾配比为1∶0.14～2.9∶0～0.28;(4)施肥品种单一,主要是以尿素和磷酸二铵为主,只有33.9;的农户施用专用肥或者复合肥.针对以上问题提出了棉花生产的施肥改进措施.

Present Situation, Problems and Countermeasure of Applying Fertilizer to Cotton in Xinjiang

The yield,fertilization and other management techniques of cotton were investigated in Xinjiang,fertilization situation on cotton and some problems in some counties of Xinjiang were analyzed.The cotton production conditions are as follows:① In production of cotton in the south of Xinjiang application of organic manure is unbalanced;②The rate of fertilizer was varied greatly among different farmers,the input of chemical fertilizer has significant difference,the rate of potassium fertilizer was not sufficient,the rate of nitrogen was from 0 to 495 kg/hm2,the rate of phosphors was from 0 to 814 kg/hm2,the rate of potassium was from 0 to 49.5 kg/hm2,and the rate of manure was from 0 to 60 000 kg/hm2;③The fertilizer ratio of N∶P2O5∶K2O was unbalanced,the ratio of N,P2O5 and K2O was 1∶0.14-2.9∶0-0.28;④The fertilizer variety was single and it was mainly based on Urea and DAP.The proportion of special fertilizer was 33.9%.Some suggestions were put forward to improve cotton production.