在甘肃省传统春麦区扩种冬小麦的研究初报

为在甘肃中西部麦区扩种冬小麦,本研究在秦王川区域对从甘肃东南部引进的冬小麦品种(系)进行鉴定,以筛选出丰产、抗寒性突出的更新换代品种。结果表明,陇东地区材料秆高,抗寒、抗旱性好,越冬率高,成穗率中等,相对高产;天水材料矮秆比例占到57.1%,大部分材料成穗率高,抗旱、抗寒性弱;两个生态区域高千粒重材料较少,但天水材料明显较陇东材料抗条锈性强,进一步说明天水麦区在小麦条锈病育种方面更为重视。试验材料中7份(占58.3%)陇东系列材料和5份(10.2%)天水材料在中川镇试验点综合农艺性状表现优良,其中,兰天10号、陇鉴386、陇原034和兰094可向甘肃中部及沿黃灌区的水浇地延伸推广。甘肃东南部冬小麦能否向中西部延伸与其抗旱性相关,抗旱性好的材料抵御寒冷的潜力较强。此外,引进品种的产量潜力和农艺性状分布暗示,要提高甘肃传统春麦区冬小麦产量,应加大北方冬麦区和黄淮麦区其他光温迟钝型冬小麦新品种的引进鉴定工作。

A Preliminary Study on Winter Wheat Planting in the Traditional Spring Wheat Region of Gansu

In order to plant winter wheat in the middle and west of Gansu province and select the variety with high yield and cold resistance,winter wheat varieties from southern and eastern Gansu were introduced and identified in Qinwangchuan region.The results showed that Longdong materials had higher plant height,better cold and drought resistance,higher overwintering percentage,middle spike rate of tiller,and higher yield.57.1% of Tianshui materials showed lower plant height,higher spike rate,vulnerable cold and drought resistance.Few materials from Longdong and Tianshui areas had high thousand kernel weight.However,the materials from the former were much weaker than those from the latter for resistance to stripe rust,indicating that Tianshui region paid more attention to stripe rust breeding.Seven materials from Longdong and five materials from Tianshui had better comprehensively agronomic characters in Zhongchuan experimental point,of which,Lantian 10,Longjian 386,Longyuan 034 and Lan 094 could be planted in irrigational regions of the middle and along Yellow river of Gansu.It was also indicated whether the winter wheat from southern or eastern Gansu could be planted in the middle and western regions was related to their drought resistance,and better drought resistant materials have stronger ability of cold resistance.However,the yield and agronomic characters distribution of the introduced winter wheat varieties implied novel varieties insensitive to photoperiod and temperature from Northern winter wheat and Huang huai valley winter wheat areas must be introduced and identified to increase winter wheat production in traditional spring planting region of Gansu.