我国生物农药的推广应用现状及发展策略

我国生物农药的应用具有良好的基础,在20世纪80年代至90年代曾得到迅速发展.21世纪以来,我国生物农药的应用发展缓慢甚至停滞不前.在我国农作物病虫害防治中,生物防治占防治总面积的8%左右,其中88%为生物农药,12%为人工释放天敌昆虫和昆虫信息素诱杀,而生物农药品种中,杀虫剂占1/3,杀菌剂占2/3.制约我国生物农药推广应用的主要因素,除生物农药自身覆盖的靶标对象少、防效受环境因子影响大等因素外,缺乏激励政策、药效评价标准单一、重基础研究轻应用开发也影响了我国生物农药的发展.近年来,"公共植保,绿色植保"理念的提出和实践,为生物农药的发展提供了平台和手段,通过政府制定鼓励政策、对农民应用生物农药给予补贴、设立生物农药及生物防治技术示范推广项目等途径,可以在政策和技术层面上切实促进生物农药的推广和应用;同时,需要加大农民技术培训力度,不仅为农民提供优质高效的生物农药品种,还要使农民掌握生物农药的应用技术.

Extension,Application and Developmental Strategies of Biopesticides in China

Bio-pesticides in China developed rapidly during 1980s to 1990s,but slowed down or even stopped since the beginning of 21st century.So far,bio-control area constitutes approximately 8% of total pest control area.Among the biocontrol area,bio-pesticide covers 88% and release of natural enemies and insect pheromone traps covers the other 12%.The quantity of bio-pesticides used was allocated to fungicides at 2/3 and insecticides at 1/3.Several factors constrain the development of bio-pesticide in China,includi...