The role of primary germ tubes in the life cycle of Blumeria graminis: The primary germ tube is responsible for the suppression of resistance induction of a host plant cell |
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| Institution: | 1. International Livestock Research Institute, c/o ICRISAT, Patancheru 502324, India;2. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropic (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502324, India;1. Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro (CIFC), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal;2. Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal;3. Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal;4. Coffee Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Ruiru, Kenya;1. Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau Campus, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany;2. Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden;1. Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;2. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;3. Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;1. Biological and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K.;2. School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, London, U.K. |
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| Abstract: | When the conidia of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh) are inoculated on barley coleoptile cells they produce short germ tubes called primary germ tubes (PGTs) about 2 h after inoculation. We evaluated the positive role of a PGT in inducing accessibility of the host cell under the germ tube. When an appressorium (APP) penetrated the same cell on which a PGT was present, the ratio of haustorium formation (penetration efficiency) was significantly higher than when an APP penetrated the cell adjacent to the one on which a PGT was present. When an APP penetrated the cell laterally adjacent to the one on which a PGT was present we killed the cell under the PGT by puncturing it with a microneedle and then investigated the penetration efficiency of the cell adjacent to the dead cell. As a control we killed the cell longitudinally adjacent to the one on which a PGT was present and investigated the penetration efficiency of the laterally adjacent cell. The results showed that the penetration efficiency of the former was significantly lower than that of the latter. This suggests that some accessibility factor might transfer from a cell on which a PGT is present to a laterally adjacent cell. The existence of a conidium body but not a PGT was not effective for induced accessibility of the host cell. Moreover, when a Bgh germling was removed 6 h after inoculation and another germling was transferred to the same cell, the penetration efficiency was significantly higher than that of control. As a control, a Bgh germling was transferred to a cell on which no germling was present. These results suggest that the existence of PGT is effective for induced accessibility of a host cell when penetrated by Bgh. However, it is unclear whether or not a PGT secretes some substance(s) which suppresses the resistance induction of a host cell. |
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