用STS标记检测矮秆基因Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b在中国小麦中的分布

【目的】明确矮秆基因在中国小麦中的分布，有助于改良小麦株高和提高产量潜力。【方法】选用中国主要麦区品种（系）239份，用STS标记检测矮秆基因Rht-B1b （Rht1）和Rht-D1b （Rht2）的分布规律，验证其PCR标记在分子标记辅助育种中的可用性。【结果】（1）Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b特异性STS标记可以准确检测小麦品种的Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b矮秆基因。（2）Rht-B1b基因在全国的平均分布频率为24.3%，新疆冬春麦区高达62.5%，长江中下游冬麦区为42.3%，黄淮冬麦区、北部冬麦区和西北春麦区分别为28%、25.8%和25%，北部春麦区和西南冬麦区分别为9.1%和 8.3%，东北春麦区供试材料未携带Rht-B1b基因。（3）Rht-D1b基因在全国的平均分布频率为46.9%，北部春麦区和黄淮冬麦区分别为72.7%和69%，西南冬麦区、西北春麦区和北部冬麦区分别为38.9%、37.5%和35.5%，长江中下游冬麦区和新疆冬春麦区分别为23.1%和12.5%，东北春麦区供试材料未携带Rht-D1b基因。【结论】分子检测结果和系谱分析表明，中国小麦品种（系）携带的Rht-B1b矮秆基因来自St2422/464和农林10，Rht-D1b矮秆基因来自农林10号、水源86、辉县红和蚰包麦。

Distribution of Dwarfing Genes Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b in Chinese Bread Wheats Detected by STS Marker

【Objective】 Understanding the distribution of dwarfing genes in Chinese wheat will be crucial for yield improvement.【Method】A total of 239 Chinese wheat cultivars and advanced lines from major wheat regions were detected by STS markers to understand the distribution of the dwarfing genes Rht-B1b (Rht1) and Rht-D1b (Rht2). 【Result】The PCR-based markers could be used to test the presence of Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b in wheat cultivars. The average frequency was 24.3% for Rht-B1b gene and 46.9% for Rht-D1b gene, respectively. Frequencies in Northern Winter Wheat Zone, Yellow & Huai River Facultative Winter Wheat Region, Middle & Low Yangtze Valley Winter Wheat Region, Southwestern Winter Wheat Region, Northeastern Spring Wheat Region, Northern Spring Wheat Region, Northwestern Spring Wheat Region and Xinjiang Winter-Spring Wheat Region were 25.8%, 28%, 42.3%, 8.3%, 0%, 9.1%, 25% and 62.5% for Rht-B1b gene, and 35.5%, 69%, 23.1%, 38.9%, 0%, 72.7%, 37.5% and 12.5% for Rht-1Db gene, respectively. 【Conclusion】Molecular markers and pedigree information confirmed that Rht-B1b is from St2422/464 and Norin 10, Rht-D1b is from Norin 10, Suwon 86, Huixianhong, and Youbaomai.