葡萄对硒的吸收、分布和积累特性的初步研究

 研究葡萄(V itis vinifera ‘Red Globe’ / V. vulpina ‘Beta’) 对硒的吸收、分布和积累特性及硒对葡萄品质的影响。结果表明: 在不施硒的条件下, 葡萄体内的硒含量很低, 硒的累积顺序为根>叶>新梢>主蔓>果实, 果实中的含硒量只有0.009 mg·kg^-1DM。根际施用0.5、1.0、1.5 kg·hm^{- 2}亚硒酸钠后, 葡萄各部位的含硒量均显著提高, 并且各部位的含硒量与土壤施硒量呈显著的正相关。施硒后, 硒在葡萄植株体内的分布发生变化, 各部位累积量的顺序为叶>根>新梢>果实>主蔓, 果实中含硒量达到0.062 mg·kg^-1DM。在整个生长发育过程中, 果实含硒量没有明显的变化, 单果硒总量一直处于升高的趋势, 至花后90 d达到最高值, 成熟期含硒量降低。不同浓度硒处理除了0.5 kg·hm- 2亚硒酸钠处理外均可显著提高果实可溶性固形物含量, 对单果鲜质量、单果干质量、可滴定酸没有明显的影响。

Selenium Absorbtion, Distribution and Accumulation in Grapevine

In a field experiment with grapevine (Vitis vinifera‘Red Globe’ / V. vulpina‘Beta’) , the selenium absorption, distribution and accumulation in grapevine organs and the effect on fruit qualities were studied. The results indicated that the orders of selenium distributionswere roots > leaves > shoots > stems > berries, an initial Se concentration in control was only 01009 mg·kg- 1DM in berries. After treatment with 0.5,1.0, 115 kg·hm^{- 2} Na₂SeO₃ , Se concentration in analyzed parts was mostly corresponded with increased Sedoses and significant increaseswere noticed. The excess of absorbed Se redistributed in plants and the orders of selenium distribution were leaves > roots > shoots > berries > stems. Se concentration in berries were 01062mg·kg- 1DM in treatmentwith 1.5 kg·hm^{- 2} Na₂SeO₃. Se concentration in berrieswas almost the same at all phonological stageswhen Se content in single berry rose steadily and reached the highest in 90 days after flowering, but dropped with the fruit ripening. TSS increased significantly with the Se fertilization and there were no significant changes in mean fruit fresh mass, mean fruit drymass and TA.