Variation in pod production and abortion among chickpea cultivars under terminal drought |
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| Institution: | 1. Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;2. CSIRO Plant Industry, Private Bag No. 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia;3. Western Australian Department of Agriculture, PO Box 110, Geraldton, WA 6531, Australia;1. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India;2. Crop Science Lab, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan;3. Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (JNTU), Hyderabad, India;1. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India;2. Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India;1. Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;2. Mycology and Plant Disease Survey Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza 12511, Egypt;3. Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, M.P. 470003, India;4. Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;5. Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;6. Department of Biotechnology, Aizawl, Mizoram University, Mizoram, India;7. Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman;8. The UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Agriculture & Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia;9. Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;1. Department of Agriculture and Fisheries (DAF) Queensland, PO Box 1085, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia;2. Central Queensland University, School of Health, Medical and Applied Science (HMAS), Rockhampton, QLD, 4702, Australia |
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| Abstract: | The effect of terminal drought on the dry matter production, seed yield and its components including pod production and pod abortion was investigated in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Two desi (with small, angular and dark brown seeds) and two kabuli (with large, rounded and light coloured seeds) chickpea cultivars differing in seed size were grown in a controlled-temperature greenhouse, and water stress was applied by withholding irrigation 1 (early podding water stress, ES), 2 (mid-podding water stress, MS) or 3 (late-podding water stress, LS) weeks after the commencement of pod set. In addition, the pod and seed growth of well-watered plants was followed for the first 19 days after pod set. Growth of the pod wall followed a sigmoid pattern and was faster in the desi than in the kabuli cultivars, while no difference was found in early seed growth among genotypes. Time of pod set affected the yield components in all treatments with the late-initiated pods being smaller, having fewer seeds per pod and smaller seeds, but no significant difference between pods initiated on the same day on the primary and secondary branches was observed. Early stress affected biomass and seed yield more severely than the later stresses, and in all stress treatments secondary branches were more affected than primary ones. Pod production was more affected by early stress than by late stress, regardless of cultivar. Pod abortion was more severe in the kabuli than in the desi cultivars, but final seed size per se did not appear to be a determinant of pod abortion under terminal drought conditions. The data indicated that the production and viability of pods was affected as soon as water deficits began to develop. The results show that pod abortion is one of the key traits impacting on seed yield in chickpeas exposed to terminal drought and that irrespective of differences in phenology, kabuli types have greater pod abortion than desi types when water deficits develop shortly after first pod set. |
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