Adaptation of the enchytraeid toxicity test for use with natural soil types |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany;2. Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000, Osijek, Croatia;1. Institute of Animal Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, Giessen, 35392, Germany;2. A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr., 33, Moscow, 119071, Russia;3. M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia;4. I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trubetskaya Str 8, Moscow, 119991, Russia;1. Laboratory of Plant Gene Expression, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 611-0011, Japan;2. Regional Biocontrol and Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, B.P. 2067, Yaoundé, Cameroon;3. Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies, Kyoto University, 46 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8581, Japan;4. Division of Environmental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan;5. Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba shi, Ohwashi 1-1, 305-8686, Ibaraki, Japan;1. UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026, Versailles, France;2. ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Böttgerstrasse 2-14, 65439, Flörsheim, Germany;1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China;2. College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China |
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| Abstract: | Assessments of chemical toxicity to soil invertebrates have been traditionally performed in formulated Standard Artificial Soil, or in standard LUFA 2.2 natural soil. Physical and chemical properties of these standard soils often do not represent the diversity of properties of natural soils and can be inadequate surrogates of exposure conditions of soil biota in the field. We investigated performance of three species of the genus Enchytraeus (E. albidus, E. crypticus, E. luxuriosus) using soil types covering a wide range of European and North American soil properties. Results showed that adult survival and juvenile production by E. albidus and E. luxuriosus were inhibited in acidic soils with pH ≤ 5, while less acidic soils having properties within following ranges: 2.5–8.0% OM, 6–26% clay, and 4–80% sand, could sustain survival and reproduction at or near validity criteria levels of enchytraeid toxicity test ISO/16387. Performance of E. crypticus in North American soils having properties within following ranges: 1.2–42% OM, 1–29% clay, and 4.4–8.2 pH, met or exceeded all validity criteria. Data established in our studies can be used for amending the validity criteria of current ISO/16387 when used with E. crypticus and OECD soil. |
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