辽河流域棉区不同铃期和铃位棉花纤维品质比较

为了研究辽河流域棉区棉铃纤维品质受外部环境条件影响的程度，采用对比法试验设计，对2 个棉花品种（‘辽棉19 号’和‘AC-33B’），3 个坐果时期（伏前桃、伏桃、秋桃）、2 个坐果位置（1~4 果枝、5~8果枝）棉铃的棉花纤维品质进行比较研究。比较分析了纤维长度、比强度、马克隆值、整齐度和伸长率，以及各指标的变异系数的大小。结果表明：‘辽棉19 号’和‘AC-33B’的纤维品质都达到了短季棉A级或AA级的标准，同时马克隆值受环境影响更为明显。对于不同铃期和铃位的棉铃，其纤维品质的各项指标以及各指标的变异系数表现有所不同，但规律相似，即前中期（伏前桃、伏桃）形成的中下部（1~4 果枝）棉铃综合品质优于后期（秋桃）形成的上部（5~8 果枝）棉铃，说明环境条件影响棉花纤维品质的形成。总体来说，伏桃的纤维品质表现较优，应该成为高产优质栽培追求的目标。

Cotton Fiber Quality Comparison of Different Boll Positions and Bolling Stages in Liaohe River

In order to study the influence of external environmental conditions on cotton fiber quality in Liaohe basin, an experiment was conducted to compare the fiber quality of 2 cotton varieties ('Liaomian 19'and'AC-33B'), 3 fruit setting periods (before hot season boll, hot season boll and autumn boll), 2 fruit setting positions (1-4 and 5-8 fruit branches). The fiber length, strength, micronaire, uniformity and elongation, and the variation coefficient of each index were compared and analyzed. The results showed that: the fiber quality of'Liaomian 19'and'AC-33B'reached A or AA standard of short season cotton, the environmental conditions influenced micronaire more obviously. For different bolling stages and boll positions, the indexes and variation coefficients of fiber quality were different but had the similar rule, which was:the comprehensive cotton quality of mid and early bolls (before hot season boll and hot season boll) which formed in the mid and lower positions (1-4 fruit breaches) was better than that of the later bolls (autumn boll) which formed in the upper positions (5-8 fruit branches), indicating the impact of environmental conditions on cotton fiber quality. Overall, hot season boll has better fiber quality and should become the goal of high yield and quality cotton cultivation.