土壤调理剂对生姜硒镉积累和品质安全的影响

为明确土壤调理剂对重金属污染土壤上生姜的营养品质和安全性的影响及作用机制,采用生姜土壤盆栽试验,比较研究了3种土壤调理剂（硅酸钾、麦饭石、贝壳粉）对土壤硒镉有效性以及生姜硒镉积累、生长发育和营养品质的影响。试验结果表明：3种土壤调理剂均能显著提高生姜硒含量,同时显著降低镉含量。与对照（不添加土壤调理剂）相比,施用0.2%硅酸钾调理剂效果最佳,分别使生姜地上部位和姜块硒含量提高了165.01%和111.36%,镉含量降低了71.96%和65.15%;另外,施用3种土壤调理剂可显著提高姜块产量、品质及养分吸收。与对照相比,产量提高了23.93%~67.67%,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和姜黄素含量分别提高了2.34%~6.00%、154.72%~602.83%和11.05%~33.43%,氮、磷、钾养分含量分别提高了10.28%~14.42%、24.62%~34.87%、28.81%~29.01%;施用3种土壤调理剂还可提高姜块过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性,降低丙二醛（MDA）含量;与对照相比,3种土壤调理剂增加土壤pH 0.35~0.53个单位,土壤有效态镉含量降低了16.92%~22.76%,有效态硒含量增加了3.60%~10.99%。研究表明,施用土壤调理剂能够降低土壤有效态镉含量、活化土壤有效态硒,从而降低生姜镉含量并提高硒含量和姜块营养品质,可实现镉污染土壤安全利用,保障生姜优质安全生产。

Effects of soil conditioner application on selenium and cadmium accumulation and quality safety of ginger

To investigate the effects and mechanisms of soil conditioning agents on the nutritional quality and safety of ginger grown in heavy metal-contaminated soil, a ginger pot experiment was conducted. The effects of three soil conditioning agents（potassium silicate, maifanite, and shell powder）on the soil selenium and cadmium availability, as well as the accumulation, growth, and nutritional quality of ginger, were compared. The results showed that all three soil conditioning agents significantly increased the selenium content in ginger and effectively reduced the cadmium content. Specifically, compared to the control group, the application of 0.2% potassium silicate conditioning agent resulted in a 165.01% and 111.36% increase in selenium content in the aboveground part and rhizome of ginger, respectively. Cadmium content decreased by 71.96% and 65.15% in the aboveground part and rhizome, respectively. In addition, the application of the three soil conditioners significantly increased ginger yield, quality, and nutrient uptake. Compared to the control, the yield increased by 23.93% to 67.67%, whereas the levels of soluble sugar, soluble protein, and curcumin increased by 2.34% to 6.00%, 154.72% to 602.83%, and 11.05% to 33.43%, respectively. The nutrient levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium also increased by 10.28% to 14.42%, 24.62% to 34.87%, and 28.81% to 29.01%, respectively. Furthermore, the application of the three soil conditioners agents increased the activities of peroxidase and catalase in ginger, whereas reduced malondialdehyde content. Additionally, compared to the control group, the three soil conditioning agents increased soil pH by 0.35 to 0.53 and reduced the available cadmium content by 16.92% to 22.76%, and increased the available selenium content by 3.60% to 10.99%. In summary, the application of soil conditioning agents can reduce the availability of cadmium in soil and enhance the availability of selenium, thereby reducing cadmium content and increasing selenium content and nutritional quality in ginger. This approach can achieve safe utilization of cadmium-contaminated soil and ensure high-quality and safe ginger production.