盛花期油菜还田对土壤微生物和后茬花生的影响

为明确油菜作为绿肥对土壤微生物和后茬花生生长的影响，选用种子硫苷含量不同的甘蓝型油菜和芥菜型油菜盛花期地上部作为绿肥，以盆栽方式模拟绿肥归田。结果表明：相比低硫苷甘蓝型油菜，高硫苷的芥菜型油菜不同生育期植株硫苷含量相对较高，花期植株硫苷含量差异显著。模拟还田后30d内，两类油菜植株体内硫苷的降解产物异硫氰酸酯（ITC），均在20d时出现最高峰值。芥菜型油菜硫苷含量高，作为绿肥用其抑制细菌和真菌 的能力较强，而低硫苷甘蓝型油菜肥用，对真菌无抑菌能力。芥菜型油菜还田能促进后茬花生生长，花生有效根瘤数和单株干重分别比对照增加11.4%和7.1%，均达到了显著水平。

Effects of flowering rapeseed-manure returns on soil microorganism and growth of peanut

In order to understand the effects of Brassica green plants returning on soil microorganism and suc? ceeding crops (peanut), two Brassica species as rapeseed (B. napus) and mustard (B. juncea) with different glucosino? lates contents were used as green manure under pot experiments to simulate straw returning. It was shown that mus? tard had more glucosinolates, and both species had higher glucosinolates contents at flowering periods. After return? ing, glucosinolates degradation product of isothiocyanates (ITCs) reached the highest at 20 d. In Brassica green ma? nure, mustard showed both strong inhibition of bacteria and fungi, while rapeseed only had inhibition ability to bac? teria. Green manure mustard could significantly promote peanut growth as succeeding crop, with 11.4% higher effec? tive nodules and 7.1% greater plant dry weight.