安徽大豆生产地位、存在问题及对策建议

[目的]安徽省大豆生产在全国占有重要位置。该地区大豆生产具有总量大、品质优、贡献大、茬口优、潜力大等诸多优势与特征。当前,在进口大豆冲击的不利环境下,我国必须保证国内食用大豆的完全自给并为面向全球市场的大豆食品加工业提供优质原料,安徽大豆生产的可持续发展显得尤为重要和迫切。[方法]通过查阅文献资料和生产调研,对安徽省大豆生产地位与特征进行分析,指出了当前该地区大豆生产面临的问题,在此基础上提出了大豆生产可持续发展的战略对策与措施。[结果]分析发现,该地区大豆可持续发展面临的主要问题：农田水利基础设施薄弱,大豆生产比较效益较低,综合配套技术集成创新不足,大豆加工业对大豆生产牵动作用不强,大豆补贴不足影响农民的生产积极性。[结论]为实现该地区大豆生产的可持续发展,不仅要改善农田基础设施、稳妥推进适度规模经营、加强农机农艺农信融合,提升大豆生产技术,提高单产,还要继续深化大豆精深加工,进一步提高大豆产业效益和农民积极性。另外,还要从维护国家和地区粮食生产可持续发展的战略高度,完善大豆产业扶持政策。

The Present Situation,Problems and Sustainable Development Strategy of Soybean Production in Anhui

Soybean production in Anhui plays an important role in China. It has many advantages, including high total yield, excellent quality, good stubble, great potential and tremendous economic contribution. At present, under the adverse circumstances of imported soybeans, China must guarantee the complete domestic self-sufficiency of edible soybean and provide high-quality raw materials for the soybean food processing industry facing the global market. The sustainable development of soybean production is important and urgent. To ensure national food security, this study analyzed the status, characteristics, and problems of soybean production in Anhui, aiming to provide policy suggestions for the sustainable development of soybean industry. Results show that soybean production in Anhui is facing problems, including the poor irrigation and water infrastructure, low economic return, insufficient integrated technology innovation, small soybean processing industry scale and insufficient soybean subsidies affecting farmers’ production enthusiasm. To maintain the sustainable development of the soybean production in Anhui, the study suggests: improving farmland infrastructures, steadily promoting modest scale operations, strengthening the integration of agricultural machinery and agricultural skills, enhancing soybean production technology and increasing yield, developing soybean deep processing, improving the efficiency of the soybean industry and the enthusiasm of farmers. Additionally, soybean industry support policy should be improved from the strategic perspective of maintaining national and regional sustainable food production.