2006-2017年国家黄淮海夏大豆品种区域试验参试品种 （系）分析

为促进夏大豆育种，对2006-2017年国家黄淮海夏大豆品种区域试验参试品种（系）的产量、主要农艺性状、品质及抗性性状进行了综合分析。结果表明：参试品种（系）产量水平明显提高；株高、单株有效分枝数、单株有效荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重、百粒重整体呈上升趋势，主茎节数略有上升；生育日数整体呈下降趋势，底荚高度略有下降。粗蛋白含量整体略有上升，粗脂肪含量呈下降趋势；参试品种（系）中达到高蛋白和高脂肪标准的品种 （系）分别有20个、82个。参试品种（系）对大豆花叶病毒病的抗性水平不断提高，对大豆胞囊线虫病的抗性水平明显降低。相关性分析表明：各性状间存在复杂的相关性，产量与单株粒重、百粒重呈极显著正相关，与单株粒数呈显著正相关，与接种大豆花叶病毒SC7株系病情指数呈极显著负相关。多元回归、偏相关和通径分析结果表明：单 株粒重是产量的正向作用因子；主茎节数是产量的负向作用因子。以上结果综合表明：单株粒重是黄淮海地区大豆产量提高的关键因素。因此，夏大豆品种选育时，应注重主茎节数适中、单株粒重较高的亲本组配及后代单株的选择，同时还要重视品质，强调抗性，从而选育出适宜黄淮海地区的高产、优质、多抗、广适大豆新品种。

Analysis of the national summer soybean regional trials in Huang-Huai-Hai region during 2006-2017 #br#

To summarize and to improve the summer soybean breeding, 12 years of the National Summer Soy? bean Regional Trials in Huang-Huai-Hai Region in 2006-2017 were analyzed especially on yield and agronomic traits changes. Results showed that yield level was improved obviously. Plant height, effective branches per plant, ef? fective pods per plant, seeds per plant, seed weight and 100-seed weight were all increased. Moreover, the overall trend of growth duration was decreasing. Bottom pod height decreased slightly. Crude protein increased slightly, crude fat decreased. A total of 20 lines reached the high crude protein standard, and 80 reached the high crude fat standard. The resistance level to SMV (soybean mosaic virus) was improved continuously, but the resistance level to SCN (soybean cyst nematode) was decreased obviously. It indicated complex correlations among the above traits, for example, yield had highly significant positive correlation with seed weight per plant and 100-seed weight, and had highly significant negative correlation with disease index to nematode SC7. Results of multiple regression, partial correlation and path analysis showed that the seed weight per plant had positive effect on yield, the number of nodes on main stem had negative effect on yield. In summary, it revealed that the seed weight per plant was the key factor on yield improvement in Huang-Huai-Hai region. It was recommended that parent with moderate nodes on main stem and higher seed weight per plant was required, and soybean quality and multi-biotic resistance were also im? portant.