渔民生产生活状况研究

渔民生产生活状况、收入增长情况受政策环境、水产品价格、自然灾害等多种因素影响。文章采用渔民入户调查数据及全国渔民家庭收支调查数据，系统分析2017年我国渔民生产生活及渔民家庭收支变化特征、渔民增收影响因素等。结果表明：（1）渔民家庭经营收入是渔民收入增长的最大拉动力，但是收入来源仍然比较单一、收入的结构一直没有发生根本性变化，亟需拓展渔民增收渠道；（2）雇工费用占渔民家庭经营渔业支出的比重不断增加，逐渐成为影响渔民家庭受益的关键因素；（3）我国区域间渔民收入存在较大差距，而且差距有进一步扩大趋势。基于此，提出要构建渔民持续增收的长效机制，提高渔业产业内部增收动力，要提高渔民自身增收能力等改善渔民生产生活、促进渔民增收的对策建议。

Research on the Production and Living Conditions of Fishermen in China

The production and living conditions of fishermen and their income growth are affected by various factors such as policy environment, aquatic product prices and natural disasters. Based on the fishermen's household survey data and the national fishermen's household income and expenditure survey data, the changes in the income and expenditure of fishermen's households in 2017 and the factors affecting the income of fishermen are systematically analyzed. The results show that: (1)The fishermen's family operating income is the biggest driving force for the growth of fishermen's income, but the source of income is still relatively simple, and the structure of income has not changed fundamentally. It is urgent to expand the channels for fishermen to increase their income; (2) the labor costs has been increasing, and it has gradually become a key factor affecting the welfare of fishermen's families. (3) There is a large gap in the income of fishermen in different regions, and the gap has further expanded. Based on this, it is proposed to build a long-term mechanism for the continuous increase of fishermen's income, improve the internal income of the fishery industry, and improve the fishermen's own income-increasing capacity in order to improve the production and life of fishermen and promote the increase of fishermen's income.