2BFJ-24型小麦精量播种变量施肥机设计与试验

为了提高冬小麦播种质量与种肥利用率,降低生产成本,针对中原地区冬小麦适度规模种植种肥同播作业方式粗放、效能低的特点,基于CAN总线通信协议下的车载传感器与PIC控制融合技术,设计了2BFJ-24型小麦精量播种变量施肥机,由播种施肥机械部件、种子漏播监测系统、肥料堵塞监测系统、变量施肥控制系统及车载计算机组成。通过红外光电检测可实时监测排种管种子流量情况,通过检测排肥管下端口内介电常数变化可实时获取肥料下落信号;通过集成GPS模块获取机器田间位置信息,结合预先加载的田块处方图,确定当前位置目标施肥量,并基于压力传感与微机控制解算当前施肥量和流量信息,按照机器前进速度实时调整施肥量;最终实现作业过程漏播、堵塞声光报警与精准施肥目的。田间试验结果表明,整机监控系统能够适应复杂田间环境,漏播监测准确率可达91%,肥料堵塞报警误差小于2%,变量施肥准确率超过96%,具有较好的实用性和经济性。

Design and Test of 2BFJ-24 Type Variable Fertilizer and Wheat Precision Seed Sowing Machine

In order to improve the winter wheat sowing quality and fertilizer utilization rate and reduce production costs, and aiming at the extensive and low efficient characteristics of sowing and fertilizer application in winter wheat with moderate scale in central of China, based on the vehicle-based sensing of the CAN bus communication protocol and PIC control fusion technology, the 2BFJ-24 wheat precision sowing and variable fertilizer machine was designed. The system of machine consisted of sowing and fertilizing machinery parts, seed leakage monitoring parts, fertilizer jam alarm parts, variable fertilization control parts and vehicle computer. The seed row seed flow situation can be real-time monitored through the infrared photoelectric detection, and fertilizer drop signal can be real-time accessed by detecting changes in dielectric constant of the lower end of the fertilizer pipe. The machine field position can be obtained through the integrated GPS module, the fertilizer amount for current target location can be determined combined with the pre-loaded plots prescription, and the current fertilizer and flow information can be calculated based on the pressure sensor and computer to, according to the machine speed to adjust fertilizer amount in time, and ultimately achieve the process of sowing leaking or fertilizer blocked alarm and precision fertilization purposes. The field test results showed that the whole machine monitoring system can adapt to the complex environment field, with leak detection accuracy of up to 91% or more, fertilizer jam alarm error was less than 2%, and the variable fertilization accuracy rate was more than 96%, indicating that it had good practicality and economy.