苯肽胺酸对辣椒内源激素及果实品质和产量的影响

明确苯肽胺酸对作物内源激素和果实品质及产量的影响，对其在农业生产中合理使用具有重要意义。本研究以辣椒为供试作物，芸苔素内酯为对照药剂，在田间小区试验条件下，采用酶联免疫吸附 (ELISA) 等生理生化测定方法，研究了不同质量浓度的苯肽胺酸处理 (133.3、200.0、266.7 mg/L) 对辣椒叶片中内源激素含量、果实品质及产量的影响。结果表明:与空白对照相比，分别于辣椒蕾期、花期和果期喷施苯肽胺酸后，其叶片中生长素 (IAA) 和玉米素 (ZT) 含量分别提高了4.15%~28.54%和23.41%~163.10%，脱落酸 (ABA) 含量降低了5.47%~28.97%，而对赤霉素 (GA₃) 含量无明显影响；苯肽胺酸处理的辣椒叶片中IAA/ZT比值呈先降低后升高趋势，而IAA/ABA、ZT/ABA、GA₃/ABA的比值在各测定期均升高；对照药剂芸苔素内酯处理对辣椒叶片内源激素的含量和比例也有较明显的影响，但与苯肽胺酸处理相比存在一定的差异。苯肽胺酸处理能明显改善辣椒果实品质，与空白对照相比，单果质量、果形指数和干重 (每100 g鲜果) 最高可分别增加14.75%、49.67%和26.09%，可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、维生素C和辣椒素含量分别提高69.75%~99.62%、29.17%~94.32%、15.86%~55.35%和1.82%~31.69%；苯肽胺酸处理具有明显增产效果，总产量比空白对照增加了20.66%~37.19%；芸苔素内酯处理也能改善果实品质和提高产量，尤其是增产效果明显，较空白对照增加了38.02%，但改善果实品质的整体效果弱于苯肽胺酸。研究表明，苯肽胺酸能够影响辣椒叶片的内源激素含量和比例，并可提高辣椒产量和改善果实品质，但与芸苔素内酯对辣椒的作用机理和效果不同，其田间推荐剂量为有效成分质量浓度133.3~200.0 mg/L。

Effect of phthalanilic acid on the endogenous hormone content of leaves and fruit quality and yield of peppers

The evaluation of the effect of phthalanilic acid on the endogenous hormone, fruit quality and yield is of great importance for its rational use in crop production. In this study, the effects of phthalanilic acid (133.3, 200.0 and 266.7 mg/L) on the endogenous hormone content of leaves, fruit quality and yield of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants was investigated in field plot experiment by physiological and biochemical methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, with brassinolide as the control agent. Compared with the blank, phthalanilic acid treatments could increase the content of auxin (IAA) in pepper leaves by 4.15%-28.54% and the content of zeatin (ZT) by 23.41%-163.10%, while decrease the content of abscisic acid (ABA) by 5.47%-28.97%, and it had no obvious effect on the content of gibberellin (GA₃), at the bud, flowering and fruit stage. after treated by phthalanilic acid, the IAA/ZT ratio in pepper leaves was decreased first and then increased, while the ratio of IAA/ABA, ZT/ABA, GA₃/ABA were increased during the three stages. The content and ratio of endogenous hormone in pepper leaves were also significantly affected by the brassinolide treatment, but the influence was different from that of the phthalanilic acid treatments. Compared with the blank, phthalanilic acid treatments could significantly improve the fruit quality of peppers. The single fruit mass, fruit shape index and dry weight (per 100 g fresh fruit) was improved by up to 14.75%, 49.67% and 26.09%, respectively. And the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, vitamin C and capsaicine were increased by 69.75%-99.62%, 29.17%-94.32%, 15.86%-55.35% and 1.82%-31.69%, respectively. The total yield was increased by 20.66%-37.19% after the phthalanilic acid treatment compared with the blank. Brassinolide treatment could also enhance the fruit quality and the yield of peppers. Especially, the yield was significantly increased by 38.02% compared with the blank. However, the overall improvement of fruit quality was less satisfied compared to phthalanilic acid. Overall, phthalanilic acid has positive impact on the content and ratio of endogenous hormone in peppers, and it can also improve the yield and quality of peppers. However, its mechanism and influence on peppers are different from those of brassinolide. The recommended dosage of phthalanilic acid is 133.3-200.0 mg/L for pepper plants in the field.