水稻钵苗膜上移栽机构优化设计与试验

膜上栽植技术可以有效防止水土流失、有利于有机水稻种植,钵苗移栽可以提高产量。为了将两种农艺相结合,提出一种膜上开孔并实现水稻钵苗栽植的移栽机构,能有效避免因破膜与水稻栽植不同步而造成的秧苗损伤。分析了移栽机构的工作机理,建立了运动学分析模型,开发了计算机辅助分析优化设计软件,并得到一组满足膜上移栽要求的结构参数。建立三维模型,并利用ADAMS软件完成虚拟样机仿真。设计物理样机,进行高速摄影运动试验。样机试验结果与理论分析所得轨迹基本一致,验证了移栽机构设计的合理性与正确性。在试验台架上完成了取苗试验与膜上栽植试验,取苗成功率为92.8%,膜上栽植的合格率为90%,满足膜上移栽的作业要求,验证了水稻钵苗膜上移栽机构的可行性。

Optimization Design and Experiment of Transplanting Mechanism of Rice Pot Seedling on Film

The technique of planting on film can effectively prevent soil and water loss, which is beneficial to the planting of organic rice. The pot seedling transplanting has the advantages of non-hurting root and no need of recovering period, so it can extend the crop growing period, increase and bring forward the effective tillering, which is very important to the food security. In order to realize the combination of two kinds of agronomy, a new type of transplanting mechanism was designed, in which the hole was perforated on film and the rice pot seedling was planted, it was effective to avoid the damage of seedling caused by the unsynchronization of film breaking and rice planting. The working principle of rice pot seedling transplanting mechanism was introduced, kinematic analysis model of mechanism was established, a computer aided analysis and optimization software of the transplanting mechanism was developed, and a set of structural parameters was obtained to meet the requirement of transplanting on film. Three-dimensional model was built, and input to ADAMS software to conduct virtual kinematic simulation analysis. The physical prototype of the transplanting mechanism was developed to conduct kinematic tests with high-speed photography technology on the test-bed. The result of bench test was basically consistent with the track obtained from the theoretical analysis, which showed the correctness of the design of transplanting mechanism. The seedling picking and the planting on film were completed on the test bench, the success rate of seedling picking-up was 92.8%, and the qualification rate of transplanting on film was 90%, which met the operation requirement of transplanting on film and showed the feasibility of performance of transplanting mechanism of rice pot seedling on film. The study provided useful reference for the related design and had an important significance.