玉米播种与测控技术研究进展

目前,我国玉米播种作业处于机械化水平较高、智能化水平较低的状态,主要表现为"播种机是播种的主体,而人是播种质量监控的主体"。要改变这一模式,必须在播种作业中充分采用智能化技术,最大程度代替人的作用。玉米播种包括排种、投种、着床3个过程,本文围绕这一过程,阐述了玉米播种与测控技术的工作原理、技术特点及发展动态。在分析归纳各项播种技术优缺点的基础上,对比国内外玉米精密播种技术的发展现状、差距,并结合精准农业背景下对玉米播种技术提出的要求,展望了我国玉米播种技术的发展趋势。

Research Progress on Maize Seeding and Its Measurement and Control Technology

Maize can be used as food, animal feed and industrial raw material. The increase in maize yield is of great value to support growing population in the world. At present, it is widely planted around the world, and maize planters are generally adopted in the seeding process. Because cultivatable field is limited, increasing the yield per area is the only way to increase the whole yield. Precision seeding is an effective method to increase the yield. However, the precision that mechanization contributes to the seeding has been maximized. In order to further improve the seeding precision, intelligent technology has gradually been used on maize planters. For domestic planters, it is relatively high on the mechanization level, but it is low on the intelligent level. Maize planters play important role in the seeding process, however, people still have to play a part in monitoring the state of planters. It is not only labor intensive, but also lacking of precision. Therefore, intelligent technologies must be fully used to replace the human labor. The seeding process can be classified into metering process, transporting process and landing process. From this perspective, the working principle, technical feature and developing situation of seeding technology and its measurement and control technology applied to maize planters were described. On the basics of analyzing and generalizing all advantages and disadvantages of seeding technology, the developing trends of seeding technologies were prospected, and the new demands about maize seeding technologies in the background of precision agriculture were predicted.