嘉兰(Gloriosa superba L.)的胚胎发育研究

嘉兰(Gloriosa superba L.)的胚珠是倒生型,具双珠被和厚珠心。单个孢原细胞平周分裂,形成初生周缘细胞和初生造孢细胞,后者直接起大孢子母细胞的作用。四个大孢子线型排列。通常合点端大孢子是有功能的,但也见到珠孔端大孢子具功能。胚囊发育属蓼型。成熟胚囊是八核七细胞的。助细胞具丝状器,反足细胞具有传递细胞的某些特征。大孢子发生和雌配子体形成的过程中,胼胝质和多糖的积累和消失有一定的规律性。嘉兰花基数为3,子房上位,子房由三个合生的心皮组成,三室中轴胎座。在发育过程中胚珠经历了直生、弯生、横生和倒生的过程。内外珠被先后在造孢细胞形成后分化,在发育前期,内珠被长于外珠被,并由它形成了珠孔道,当外珠被伸长后与内珠被共同构成了珠孔。内珠被细胞层数恒定为两层,而外珠被细胞层数则变化于4～5层间。珠柄中的维管束多为螺纹,环纹导管和管胞组成,由胎座发出后经珠柄到合点端终止,内外珠被中均无维管束。厚珠心,珠心细胞为3～4层,由周缘细胞分裂形成。珠心细胞富含淀粉粒,其细胞解体缓慢,尤其珠孔端,直至成熟胚囊阶段,仍有很发达的珠心细胞。

MEGASPOROGENESIS, MEGAGAMETOGENESIS AND CHANGES IN POLYSACCHARIDES IN G. SUPERBA L.

The Gloriosa superba L. is distributed in Xishuangbana of Yunnan. The ovule is of anatropus and crassineucellate type, The embryo sac is formed by the chalazal megaspore in the tetrad, but it is also derived from the micropylar megaspore of the tetrad, and all is eight, nucleate. The development of embryo sac is of polygonum type. The mature, embryo sac comprises an egg apparatus, three antipodal cells and a binucleate cell. The synergids have filiform apparatus at its. upper end, and the antipodal cell has some feature of the transfer cell. Histochemical investigation included the localization of callose and polysaccharose grains during the megasporgenesis, the accumulation and disappearance of callose and the polysaccharose grains showed some change.