石斛属植物多糖与生物碱含量的比较研究

石斛的药用成分含量直接影响其品质,筛选高品质的药用石斛对其生产和应用具有重要意义。采用热水浸提法和酸性染料比色法比较研究了26种野生石斛和9个春石斛品种成熟茎段多糖和生物碱含量的差异。野生种和春石斛品种多糖含量分别在2.0%~39.1%和9.4%~23.7%之间;而生物碱含量则分别在0%~0.638%和0.156%~0.308%之间。肿节石斛、铁皮石斛和齿瓣石斛在所有样品中多糖含量较高,而报春石斛的生物碱含量则显著高于其他石斛,其次为兜唇石斛、玫瑰石斛和金钗石斛。按《中国植物志》石斛分组,检测的14种为石斛组,平均多糖和生物碱含量均较高,分别达23.2%和0.2%,其次为春石斛品种,分别达18.4%和0.2%。不同石斛的多糖和生物碱含量差异较大,生产应用中需根据需要选取合适的石斛。

Comparison of Polysaccharide and Alkaloid Contents in Dendrobium

The quality of Dendrobium species is depended on the contents of medicinal compositions, and selecting high quality Dendrobium is important for production and application. The polysaccharide and alkaloid contents were determined among 35 Dendrobium wild species and cultivars using the hot water extraction and acid dye colormetric method, respectively. The results showed that the polysaccharide contents of Dendrobium wild species and cultivars were between 2.0%-39.1% and 9.4%-23.7%, respectively, and the alkaloid contents of those were 0%-0.638% and 0.156%-0.308%, respectively. D.pendulum, D.officinale and D.devonianum had higher polysaccharide contents than others, while the alkaloid content of D.primulinum was significantly higher than that of others, followed by D. aphyllum, D.crepidatum and D.nobile. Meanwhile, Sect. Dendribium had the highest average polysaccharide content (23.2%) and alkaloid content (0.2%) in all samples, followed by cultivars (18.4% and 0.2%). The polysaccharide and alkaloid contents had significant differences among different Dendrobium wild species and cultivars, and selecting the proper Dendrobium should be in accord with objectives in practice.