稻草还田条件下基施有机肥对小麦产量及生长的影响

为了研究稻草还田条件下高效氮肥运筹,笔者利用小区试验研究了稻草还田条件下基肥有机肥对小麦产量及生长的影响,结果表明:(1)基肥有机肥替代无机氮肥可以实现小麦增产,在有机肥替代25%无机氮肥条件下,小麦增产最大;(2)有机肥替代无机氮肥施用提高了小麦成穗率;(3)基肥有机肥替代无机氮肥对小麦株高、穗重、小穗数、不育小穗数、每穗粒数、千粒重影响不大。稻草还田条件下,基施有机肥可以使小麦增产,尤其是在有机肥替代25%无机氮肥条件下,小麦实现增产,基施有机肥使小麦增产的途径是提高了小麦有效穗数。

Effect of Basal Application of Organic Fertilizer on Yield and Growth of Wheat Under Rice Straw Returning

In order to study the high efficiency nitrogen fertilizer under straw returning, the author studied the effect of basal application of organic fertilizer on the yield and growth of wheat under rice straw returning by the method of plot experiment. The results showed that: (1) the basal application of organic fertilizer could replace chemical fertilizer and realize the increase of yield, when organic fertilizer replaced 25% of chemical fertilizer, the yield increase of wheat was the maximum; (2) percentage of earbearing tiller increased when organic fertilizer replaced chemical fertilizer; (3) the replacement of organic fertilizer had little effect on plant height, panicle weight, spikelet number, sterility spikelet number, number of grain per ear and thousand seed weight. The basal application of organic fertilizer could increase the wheat yield under rice straw returning, especially under the replacement rate of 25%. The way that basal application of organic fertilizer played in the increase of wheat yield was the increase of number of wheat productive ear.