模拟人工湿地植物对富营养化水体的修复研究

以河砂为基质构建人工湿地，通过人工配制不同浓度的富营养化水体，用无植被、填充相同基质的空白人工湿地（CK）做对照，研究湿生植物芦苇（Phragmites australis）、藨草（Scirpus triqueter）、薄荷（Mentha haplocalyx）和水芹 （Oenanthe javanica）对水体中总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）及化学需氧量（COD）的去除效率。结果表明:四种植物对不同浓度富营养化水体的净化效果都显著优于CK（P < 0.01）。（1）对TP的去除:轻度处理下芦苇的吸收率最高为89.30%；中度处理下去除效果最好的是藨草为74.96%；重度处理中四种植物差异不显著。（2）对TN的去除:在轻、中度处理下，去除效果最好的是芦苇，吸收率分别为86.76%和73.27%；重度处理下藨草吸收效果最好为51.80%。（3）对NH₄⁺-N的去除:轻度处理下各植物间无明显差异；而在中度处理下去除效果最好的是薄荷吸收率为81.96%；重度处理下，水芹的去除率最高为58.30%。（4）对COD的去除:各处理中均以藨草最好，低浓度处理下去除率为77.57%；中度处理下为74.42%；重度下为62.89%。试验表明在选择人工湿地净化污水时，可优先考虑芦苇和藨草。

Remediation Function of Simulated Artificial Wetland Plants to Water Eutrophication

Four types of hygrophyte including Phragmites australis, Scirpus triqueter, Mentha haplocalyx and Oenanthe javanica were planted in simulated artificial wetland that was constructed with river sand and eutrophic water to study the removal efficiency of total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP), ammonia nitrogen(NH₄⁺-N) and chemical oxygen demand(COD) in the water. Result showed that four kinds of plants had significant purifying effect to different concentration of eutrophic water than CK(P < 0.01). With respect to TP uptake, the highest uptake efficiency was 89.30% by Phragmites australis under mild treatment; but under moderate treatment, Scirpus triqueter had the highest uptake efficiency that was 74.96%; there was no significant difference uptake TP under severe treatment among all of the plants. With respect to TN uptake, under mild and moderate treatment, the Phragmites australis had the highest removal efficiency, which was 86.76% and 73.27% respectively. However, the highest uptake efficiency was 51.80% by Scirpus triqueter under severe treatment. With respect to NH₄⁺-N uptake, there was no significant difference to uptake NH₄⁺-N under mild treatment among all of the plants, whereas the highest uptake efficiency was Mentha haplocalyx under moderate treatment, and 58.30% by Oenanthe javanica under severe treatment. With respect to COD uptake, the Scirpus triqueter had the highest uptake efficiency in all treatments, the uptake efficiency was 77.57%,74.42% and 62.89% under mild, moderate, and severe treatment, respectively. So this study suggests that Phragmites australis and Scirpus triqueter are superior to sewage treatment in the constructed wetland.