高山退化草地不同恢复措施对土壤理化性质的影响

为了解高山退化草地不同恢复重建对土壤理化特性的影响，通过野外调查和室内分析，研究了高山退化草地3种恢复重建措施（围栏、禁牧和毒杂草防除）和对照重度退化草地土壤理化特性的变化规律。结果表明，退化草地恢复重建措施对土壤理化特性有明显影响。围栏、禁牧和毒杂草防除样地同层土壤容重显著低于对照重度退化草地（P < 0.05）。与对照相比，0—10 cm土层毒杂草防除和围栏处理土壤空隙度增加1.71%和1.44%，毛管持水量增加1.08%和1.15%。不同处理间土壤最大持水量表现为杂草防除 > 围栏 > 禁牧和重度退化草地，且之间差异达到显著水平（P < 0.05）。退化草地不同恢复措施间土壤化学特性有显著差异。禁牧和围栏样地土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、有效氮和有效钾含量显著高于对照（P < 0.05）。杂草防除样地0—30 cm土壤有机质、有效氮和有效磷含量显著高于对照。因此，分析祁连山高山重度退化草地不同恢复措施样地土壤理化特性对评价退化草地恢复治理成效，具有一定指导和参照价值。

Effect of Rehabilitation Measures on the Soil Physical and Chemical Characteristics in the Alpine Rangeland

In order to understand the effect of f rehabilitation measures on the soil physical and chemical characteristics in the alpine rangeland. Based on the field survey and analysis, this paper compared the variation of soil physical and chemical properties under three rangeland rehabilitation measures (enclosure rangeland; grazing prohibition rangeland and controlling weeds) in alpine rangeland in the Qilian Mountain. The results showed that the soil physical and chemical properties were influenced by the rehabilitation measures of degraded rangeland. The soil bulk densities in the same soil depth of the enclosure rangeland; grazing prohibition rangeland and controlling weeds were significantly lower than that of heavy degraded rangeland (P < 0.05). Compared to heavy degraded rangeland, the soil total porosities in 0—10 cm layer in the controlling weed and enclosure rangeland increased 1.71% and 1.44%, soil capillary holding water also increased 1.08% and 1.15%. The order from largest to lowest of maximum water holding capacity was controlling weeds, enclosure rangeland, grazing prohibition and heavy degraded rangeland, and the difference is significantly obvious (P < 0.05). The content of organic matter, total N, total P, available N and K in enclosure rangeland and grazing prohibition rangeland were obviously higher than those of heavy degraded rangeland (P < 0.05). The content of organic matter, total N and available P in the 0—30 cm layer of controlling weeds were larger than that of the heavy degraded rangeland. The analysis of soil physical and chemical characteristic of alpine rangeland will provide reference for evaluating the rehabilitation control efficiency of heavy degraded rangeland.