海河流域不同地貌气候变化时空分析

近百年来，全球气候变暖显著，潜在改变了区域水循环。过去50 a，海河流域气温增温明显，水分亏缺严重，影响了社会、经济的发展。为了探究海河流域气候时空变化特征，考虑了流域地貌差异性，将海河流域划分为山区、丘陵、平原3个区域进行研究。选用1958—2011年34个站点的8种气象要素资料，采用线性趋势法分析要素年际趋势；用M-K进行趋势显著性检验；用P-M公式计算流域潜在蒸散发并用Spearman法分析气象要素与潜在蒸散发之间的相关性，以探求海河流域子区域的时空变化规律和改变区域水循环的主要驱动力。分析结果显示，海河流域气候变化明显，气象要素时空变化具有显著的地带性、季节性和年际性特征。气温先下降后上升，山区升温速度较丘陵、平原快；流域降水呈整体下降，平原地区降水量降幅较山区、丘陵大；平均风速、日照时数、相对湿度均呈明显下降趋势；海河流域潜在蒸散发与相对湿度呈负相关，与日较差呈正相关。

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Climate Variation in Different Kinds of Landforms of Haihe River Basin

Over the past century, global climate has become warming significantly, which changed the regional hydrologic cycle potentially. In recent 50 years, temperatures keep increasing; water deficit is serious in Haihe River Basin, which has affected the development of society and economy. In order to explore the spatiotemporal characteristics of climate change, the Haihe river basin is divided into three areas as Plateau, Hills, Plain according to the landforms’ spatial heterogeneity. The spatial and temporal patterns of 8 meteorological elements at 34 meteorological stations from 1958 to 2011 were analyzed by using linear trend for inter-annual trend; using the Mann-Kendall test for significance test; using Spearman method for correlation between meteorological elements and ET₀ calculated by Penman-Monteith formula. This work is to reveal the regularity of temporal and spatial variation of meteorological elements and the possible driving forces of regional water cycle. The results show that there existed obvious climate change in Haihe River Basin, the temporal and spatial variation of meteorological elements presented obvious zonal, seasonal and interannual characteristics. The temperature went through dropping first and then rising up. Plateau rising speed was faster than Hills and Plain. Precipitation was generally falling. And precipitation of Plain region fell more than Plateau and Hills. Average wind speed, sunshine hours, relative humidity were obvious downward. The potential evaporation was negatively related to the relative humidity, positively related to daily temperature range in Haihe River Basin.