基于GIS的宁夏六盘山区空间贫困特征模型分析

空间贫困旨在通过研究特定区域地理资本构成，以此分析空间贫困陷阱，确定贫困空间分异机制，进一步判识减贫效果和制定反贫困策略。以2011年数据为基础，运用TOPSIS模型并结合熵值法，系统分析了宁夏六盘山区空间贫困特征，最后借助障碍度模型进行贫困与地理环境要素的相互关系分析。结果表明:根据各县（区）与最优目标的贴近度∏_i 可将研究对象分为三类地区:高贫困区包括西吉县（0.363 3）和泾源县（0.361 9）；中贫困区包括海原县（0.258 0）、原州区（0.245 7）、隆德县（0.229 6）以及彭阳县（0.211 8）；低贫困区只有同心县（0.191 7）。整体上，市场连通性差（经济维度）、农业生态系统稳定性低（环境维度）以及社会公共服务差距大（社会维度）等对研究区空间贫困的影响最为显著。

Model Analysis for Spatial Poverty in the Poor Areas of Liupan Mountain in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Based on GIS

Spatial poverty analysis aims to study the constitution of geographic capital of certain areas, analyze the spatial poverty trap, determine the differentiation mechanism of spatial poverty, identify the poverty reduction effect and develop relevant anti-poverty strategies. On basis of the data of 2011, TOPSIS combining with entropy method was used to study the spatial poverty of continuous poor areas of Liupan Mountain in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Furthermore, obstacle degree model was used to study the relationship between poverty and geographical environment. The results were as follows: according to the values of close degree, the study area could be classified into three groups: the poorest area consisted of Xiji County (0.363 3) and Jingyuan County (0.361 9); the poorer area consisted of Haiyuan County (0.258 0), Yuanzhou District (0.245 7), Longde County (0.229 6) and Pengyang County (0.211 8); the poor area was made up of Tongxin County (0.191 7) only. Moreover, poor market connectivity (economic factor), lack of stability of agroecological system (environmental factor) and public service gap were the main cases of poverty in the study area.