竹溪县农村居民点景观格局及空间分布特征

以水土流失趋于严重的湖北省竹溪县为研究区，以2009年第二次土地调查数据、DEM数据为数据源，采用景观生态学理论、核密度估计等方法，对竹溪县农村居民点空间分布特征进行分析，同时借助GIS技术对影响竹溪农村居民点空间分布的因素进行分析。结果表明:竹溪县属农村居民点较密集区；竹溪县农村居民点用地比重存在明显的空间差异，农村居民点高值区形成两条明显的分布带:一条是县河镇—城关镇—蒋家堰镇，另一条是城关镇—龙坝镇；全县农村居民点形状比较规则；该县东部和北部农村居民点数量多，农村居民点用地比重高值区和核密度高值区在空间上并不重合；农村居民点分布受高程、坡度、坡向、耕种环境等因素影响明显，与耕地的空间分布关系非常密切；在拥有较多人口和较多农村居民点的区域，耕地的侵蚀面积也广。

Characteristics of Landscape Pattern and Spatial Distribution of Rural Settlements in Zhuxi County

Zhuxi County of Hubei Province was taken as the study area. Based on the second land survey data of 2009 and DEM data as the data sources, this paper analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlements in Zhuxi County through the methods of landscape ecology theory and kernel density estimation. At the same time, GIS technology was used to analyze factors affecting the spatial distribution of rural settlements in Zhuxi. Results show that Zhuxi County belongs to the region with more dense rural settlements. The land use proportion of rural settlements in Zhuxi has a significant spatial difference, there are two clear distribution zones, one is from Xianhe Town, Chengguan Town to Jiangjiayan Town, the other is from Chengguan Town to Longba Town. The county's rural settlements are in regular shape. The rural settlements' number in the north and east of the county is large, proportion of rural settlement land of high value area and kernel density of high value area are not coincident in space. The distribution of rural settlements is apparently influenced by elevation, slope, aspect, farming environment factors, especially has a very close relationship with spatial distribution of the cultivated field. The erosion area of the cultivated land in regions with larger population and more rural settlements is big.