有机产业对生态环境影响的全过程分析与评价体系框架构建

有机产业的发展与区域生态环境密不可分,其生态环境影响评价对于实现经济效益和生态环境保护的双赢具有重要意义。本文基于有机产品对环境的要求分析,在综合了国内外有机产业对不同生态环境因子影响的研究基础上,分析了其生态环境影响的全过程特征,明确了有机产业各环节对生态环境的主要影响要素,根据不同产业类型,对有机产业链与生态环境的耦合关系进行分析。进一步对有机农业与常规农业生态环境影响进行实例比较,体现出有机农业的生态环境优势。结果表明,从有利环境角度,有机农业生产对产地环境影响程度为68%,而常规农业生产则为50%;并且,现阶段有机产业评价系统主要是运用生命周期理念,构建基于资源利用、环境负荷、能源利用、经济成本和人体健康的全过程分析体系,叠加多因素指标归类与权重分析,计算综合的生态指数来定量化表征有机产业生态环境影响,得到评价体系框架。鉴于有机产业本身数据获取的复杂性以及不成熟性,有机产业对生态环境影响的评价体系仍需要进一步探讨和改进。

Full process analysis and evaluation system construction for ecological and environmental effects of organic industry

The development of organic industry is closely related with the regional ecological environment, and ecological environmental impact assessment of this type of industry is critical for balanced economic performance with full ecological and environmental consideration. Based on the analysis of environmental requirements of organic products, the paper reviewed the effects of organic industry on different eco-environmental factors, and analyzed the full processes characteristics of influence of organic industrial chain on ecology and environment along with the environmental impacts of each node of organic industry. Based on different types of organic industry, a relational coupling of organic industry and ecological environment was analyzed. Furthermore, a comparison between environmental impacts of organic agriculture and those of conventional agriculture showed some significant ecological environmental advantages of organic agriculture. In terms of environmental benefits, the results showed that the effect of organic agriculture on the environment was 68% while that of conventional agriculture was 50%. The full process of current analysis was based on resource consumption, environmental load, energy use, economic cost and human health, driven by the concept of life cycle assessment (LCA). Moreover, ecological index was used to quantitatively characterize organic industrial environmental impacts by classifying multi-factor indicators and computing individual weights to construct the evaluation system. Because of complexity of data acquisition and immaturity of organic industry, the evaluation system of influence of organic industry on the ecology and environment needed further exploration.