可可种质资源多样性与创新利用研究进展

就可可种质资源在起源、分布、传播、分类、鉴定及种质创新与利用等方面取得的研究进展进行综述。可可属植物有22种,仅可可(Theobroma cacao)和大花可可(Theobroma grandiflorum)用于栽培。可可种质资源多样性丰富,其分类研究经历了传统形态学划分的Criollo、Forastero和Trinitario遗传类群到现代分子标记划分的Maran~on、Curaray、Criollo、Iquitos、Nanay、Contamana、Amelonado、Purús、Nacional和Guiana遗传类群。目前,可可的生产性品种选育仍以实生选种和芽变选种为主。分子标记的开发、遗传连锁图谱的构建和全基因组测序的完成,为实现可可分子标记辅助育种提供了技术保障。

Advances on Germplasm Research and Utilization of Theobroma cacao L.

The study explores the advances on the origin, distribution, spreading, collection, classification, identification, genetic improvement and development of cacao germplasm resources. There are approximately 22 Theobroma species, and only T. cacao and T. grandiflorum are cultivated. During the process of domestication and cultivation, abundant genetic diversity of cacao germplasm was revealed by morphological data and molecular markers. Traditionally, cacao types are classified into three main groups: Criollo, Forastero, and Trinitario. However, recent study results showed that there were 10 major groups, such as Maran~on, Curaray, Criollo, Iquitos, Nanay, Contamana, Amelonado, Purús, Nacional, and Guiana by microsatellite marker. This new classification reflects more accurately the genetic diversity. Additionally, most new cacao varieties are selected from seedlings or bud mutation. Recently, molecular markers, high-density genetic linkage map, and the whole genome sequencing have already been widely reported on cacao germplasm, which may be improved breeding efficiency by marker assisted selection.