The influence of landscape characteristics and home-range size on the quantification of landscape-genetics relationships |
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| Authors: | Tabitha A Graves Tzeidle N Wasserman Milton Cezar Ribeiro Erin L Landguth Stephen F Spear Niko Balkenhol Colleen B Higgins Marie-Josée Fortin Samuel A Cushman Lisette P Waits |
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| Institution: | (1) School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, P.O. Box 15108, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA;(2) Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. 24A, 1515 Bela Vista, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil;(3) Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, USA;(4) Orianne Society, 579 Highway 441 South, Clayton, GA 30525, USA;(5) Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, University of Idaho, P.O. Box 441136, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;(6) Department of Forest Zoology and Forest Conservation, University of Goettingen, Buesgenweg 3, 37077 Goettingen, Germany;(7) Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1000 W. Cary Street, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;(8) Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada;(9) Forest Service Research Station, US Forest Service, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA |
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| Abstract: | A common approach used to estimate landscape resistance involves comparing correlations of ecological and genetic distances
calculated among individuals of a species. However, the location of sampled individuals may contain some degree of spatial
uncertainty due to the natural variation of animals moving through their home range or measurement error in plant or animal
locations. In this study, we evaluate the ways that spatial uncertainty, landscape characteristics, and genetic stochasticity
interact to influence the strength and variability of conclusions about landscape-genetics relationships. We used a neutral
landscape model to generate 45 landscapes composed of habitat and non-habitat, varying in percent habitat, aggregation, and
structural connectivity (patch cohesion). We created true and alternate locations for 500 individuals, calculated ecological
distances (least-cost paths), and simulated genetic distances among individuals. We compared correlations between ecological
distances for true and alternate locations. We then simulated genotypes at 15 neutral loci and investigated whether the same
influences could be detected in simple Mantel tests and while controlling for the effects of isolation-by-distance using the
partial Mantel test. Spatial uncertainty interacted with the percentage of habitat in the landscape, but led to only small
reductions in correlations. Furthermore, the strongest correlations occurred with low percent habitat, high aggregation, and
low to intermediate levels of cohesion. Overall genetic stochasticity was relatively low and was influenced by landscape characteristics. |
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