11个柠檬品种的生物学特性及果实品质评价

目的]筛选适宜重庆地区生态条件的柠檬品种,为重庆或相似生态区发展柠檬生产及产业升级奠定品种基础.方法]调查11个引进柠檬品种的树高、冠幅、穗粗、砧粗、新梢长度、末级枝梢数、春花期、不同年份的春花数和秋花数等生长指标,分析评价11个品种的果实总糖、柠檬酸、Vc、可溶性固形物含量等品质指标.结果]不同品种的树体生长量存在明显差异;春花的花期和持续时间也存在差异,其中维尔拉51、菲诺47、脱毒尤力克、红肉柠檬等品种具有较长的花期,介于19~24 d;定植后以脱毒尤力克、维尔拉51、菲诺47等3个品种的花量较大,至第5年时平均单株春花量分别达296、290和312朵,表现早结丰产.各品种的果实品质差异明显,从整体水平上看,菲诺47、脱毒尤力克和维尔拉51等品种的柠檬酸含量和可溶性固形物含量等关键指标较高,其中以菲诺47最高,柠檬酸和可溶性固形物含量分别为6.89 g/100 mL和7.8%.结论]菲诺47、维尔拉51和脱毒尤力克等3个品种的抽梢能力强、花期长且花量大、柠檬酸和可溶性固形物含量高,较适合重庆地区发展,可进一步扩大示范和推广种植;费米耐劳、无籽尤力克、塔希提等3个品种具有无核和少核的特点,是极具潜力的贮备品种和育种资源.

Evaluation on biological characteristics and fruit quality of eleven introduced lemon varieties

【Objective】The present experiment was carried out to screen lemon varieties suitable for Chongqing，and provide elite varieties for lemon production and industry upgrading in Chongqing and other similar ecological regions.【Method】The tree height， crown diameter， width of scion， width of rootstock， length of new branch， number of terminal branch， stage of spring flower and spring and autumn flowering number of different years were investigated on 11 introduced varieties， and quality evaluation was conducted based on related parameters such as total sugar， citric acid， Vc and soluble solid contents. 【Result】Obvious difference was observed in increment in tree of various varieties， spring flowering stage and its duration were also different. Four varieties viz.， Fino 47， Verla 51， virus-free Eureka and Pink lemon had longer flowering stage ranging from 19 to 24 days. The flower numbers of Fino 47， Verla 51， and virus-free Eureka showed higher than others after being planted， especially in the fifth year， their flower numbers were 296， 290 and 312， respectively， and early fruit setting and high yielding were realized. Fruit quality varied greatly among the varieties. Overall speaking， Fino 47， virus-free Eureka， Verla 51 had higher total soluble solid and citric acid contents， out of which， Fino 47 had the highest contents of citric acid （6.89 g/100 mL） and soluble solid （7.8%）. 【Conclusion】Three lemon varieties viz.， Fino 47，Verla 51 and virus-free Eureka displayed best comprehensive characteristics of strong branch sprouting ability， longer flower duration and much flower number， higher contents of citric acid and total soluble solid， which were suitable for demonstration and extension in Chongqing. Meanwhile three varieties viz.， Femminello， Seedless Eureka and Tahiti were potential backups and breeding resources being seedless or less seeds.