板栗品种雌雄异熟的生物学特性

3个板栗区域性试验点,16个品种连续4年的物候观察和主要经济性状调查表明:板栗品种表现出较强的雌雄异熟性(81.25%)。根据花期物候,可将板栗品种分为雌先型、雄先型、相遇型。雌雄异熟秩序不受生态、气候条件、年份的影响。雌雄异熟性与产量、嫁接后2～3年结果株率等性状没有必然联系,而与坐果率显著相关。弄清板栗品种的雌雄异熟性对杂交育种、生产中授粉品种的配置有指导意义,建议在今后的育种、栽培中对这一特殊物候性状加以重视。

Biological Characteristics of Dichogamy of Chinese Chestnut (Castanea mollissima)

The flowering phenology and the main economic characteristics of16varieties of Ch inese chestnut in3experi-mental sites have been observed for four years cons tantly.The results showed that Chinese chestnut varieties had an obvious chara cteristic of dichogamy with a percentage of81.25%.According to the flower ing phenology,Chinese chestnuts are divid-ed into3types:first-female flower ing type,first-male flowering type and female-lapped-male flowering type.Th e order of dichogamy doesn’t relate with zoology,climate and years.The dicho gamy doesn’t connect necessarily with the characteris-tics including yield,f ruit rate of2～3-year-old plants after grafting etc,but closely to the per centage of fertile fruit.The study on the dichogamy of varieties can help us de ploy the pollinated varieties in cross breeding and in production.It is sug-ge sted that the characteristics of dichogamy should be paid attention in breeding and cultivation.