优质稻碾米品质在四川不同气候生态区的变化研究

选用6个不同穗重型优质稻,在四川6个主要典型水稻生态区进行种植,研究其碾米品质变化.结果表明:(1)在6个主要气候生态区,碾米品质优劣的综合表现依次为泸定河谷中亚热带山地北亚热带区(西昌)＞盆北山地亚热带-寒温带区(广元)＞盆西中亚热带多春夏旱区(温江)＞盆西山地中亚热带-寒带区(雅安)＞局部河谷南亚热带区(江津)＞盆东中亚热带伏旱最多区(南充).这一变化趋势从生态地理学角度看,表现为随海拔高度的增加,品种灌浆结实期的温度逐渐降低,稻米碾米品质渐好的趋势,呈现盆地西部较高海拔地区优于盆地东部较低海拔地区的特点.(2)从不同穗重类型的碾米表现看,6个生态区中,重穗型品种碾米品质表现最好,其次为中穗型品种,而轻穗型优质稻相对表现较差.(3)从不同穗重型对不同生态区适应性看,重穗型优质稻适宜在四川盆地的绝大多数地区种植,即南充、江津、温江、西昌、广元等5种生态区;而中穗型优质稻则适宜于种植在雅安盆西山地中亚热带-寒带区;(4)在被研究的碾米品质诸性状中,糙米率和精米率两性状在6个生态区中,其变异均表现相对较小,而整精米率则变异较大.

The Research on Milling Quality Variations of High-quality Rice in Different Ecological Regions of Sichuan

Six different panicle weight types of high-quality rice were cultivated in the six major typical rice ecological zones of Sichuan, and the milling quality variations were studied. The results showed that: (1) In the six major climatic ecological zones, the comprehensive performance of the milling quality is lined in the following order: Xichang-Luding River Valley, Central Subtropical Mountainous Area, Northern Subtropical Zone> Guangyuan-Northern Basin Mountainous Subtropical-Cold Temperate Zone> Wenjiang Western Basin Central Subtropical-Long-Spring and Summer-Drought Zone> Ya'an-Western Basin Mountain, Central Subtropical-Cold Zone> Jiangjing-Partial River Valley Southern Subtropical Zone> Nanchong-Eastern Basin Central Tropical Most-Frequent Summer Drought Zone. Viewing from ecology and geography, there was variety that decreasing in temperature in the period of grain filling stage and high tendency of milling quality with an increase in altitude. Therefore, there is a higher tendency of milling quality in the high altitude areas in the western Basin than in the low altitude areas in the eastern Basin. (2) Studying the performance of milling quality from the different panicle weight types, in the six ecological zones, the heavy panicle type of rice (HPTR) has the best milling quality followed by the medium panicle type of rice(MPTR), and the light panicle type of rice(LPTR) has relatively poor performance. (3) Considering the adaptability of the different kinds of rice to different ecological zones. most of regions in Sichuan Basin, including Nanchong, Jiangjing, Xichang, Wenjiang , Guangyuan and so on, are best suited for the heavy panicle type of high-quality rice cultivation. Ya'an-Western Basin Mountain Central Asia Tropical-Cold Ecological Zone, is best for the medium panicle type of high-quality rice cultivation. (4) Among the various shapes of the milling quality being studied, the variation of the brown-rice rate and milled-rice rate is relatively small, but the head-rice rate varies greatly.